unit 1 Flashcards
Type of work conducted in early behavior
analysis
Topography-based bx
modification/management
Populations served in early behavior analysis
Prisoners; severe autism, mental
retardation, schizophrenia
Conducted the early applications of behavior
analysis
Behavioral experimental psychology
graduates
Used by ABA pioneers to evaluate
effectiveness in the real world
Early applications of EAB
Year ABA was formalized
1968
Caused the drift to behavior modification and
management
Institutional need for “behavior modifiers
Approach used by behavior modifiers
“Topography-based” behavior reduction
Focuses only on problem bx
Behavior management
Cook-book approach
Topography-based
Technologist
Procedures at the core
4 characteristics of behavior
modification/management
Individualized
Function-based
Analysts
Basic principles at the core
4 characteristics of behavior analysis
Minimizes achieving meaningful outcomes
Minimizes access to reinforcers
Maximizes contact with punishers
May result in restricted access to community
4 characteristics of problem behavior
Rate (too high) IRT (too short) Duration (too long) Severity/intensity (too high) Wrong place, situation, or time
5 parameters of problem behavior
Model for treating problem bx based on form
of the bx
Topography-based treatment model
Delivered aversive & restrictive punishers
Used artificial & arbitrary reinforcers
Used thinned reinforcement schedules
4 characteristics of topography-based
treatment procedures
“One-size fits all” approach
Cook-book approach
Taught non-functional incompatible
behaviors
Topography-based DRI
Alternative bx benefited caregivers and not
client
Topography-based DRA
Contingent relations not broken
Bx did not maintain or generalize
Problem bx hidden under tight stimulus
control
3 limitations of the topography-based
treatment model
Model for treating problem bx based on the
function
Function-based treatment model
An appropriate form of communication is
taught to replace problem bx
Functional Communication Training (FCT)
FCT – Stage 1
Conduct a functional assessment or analysis
FCT – Stage 2
Train and differentially reinforce a
communicative response
FCT – Stage 3
Transfer control to real-life settings and
persons
More specific words taught and results in a
larger speaker repertoire
Mand training
Incorporate multiple trainers & settings
Include like stimuli
Sequential modification
3 strategies for promoting generalization in
FCT
Is our subject matter bx alone?
No; includes operants, respondents,
contingencies, functional relations
Are the “functions of bx” only “attention,
tangibles, escape, and automatic
reinforcement”?
No; typical statements about “function” are
oversimplifications
Should antecedents have only a first name?
No; antecedents only exist in relation to
consequences (last name)
Can we neglect context?
No; behavior changes in relation to context
Are we effective if we only change behavior?
No; change real-world contingencies to
achieve meaningful outcomes
Manipulation of a stimulus produces a
reliable & predictable change in a response
Functional relation
Probabilistic
Nonlinear
Complex
Allows for predictions
4 characteristics of functional relations
Not cause-and-effect or deterministic
Functional relations are probabilistic
Compared to nonlinear equations in calculus
Functional relations are nonlinear
Functional relations change with respect to
context
Functional relations are complex
What an organism “does” and “why”
Everyday usage of the term function
A mathematical relation between stimulus
classes and response classes
Scientific usage of the term function
Problem with using the “everyday definition
of function”
Practitioners use teleological explanations
One event depends on another
Contingency
Derive effects on bx from a past history of
differential availability with a consequence
Discriminative stimuli
Derive effects on bx from their value-altering
effect on consequences
Motivating operations
Consequence leads to the development of
that discriminative stimulus
Last name of discriminative stimuli
The consequence whose value is being
altered
Last name of motivating operations
Behavior modification was a general term for
Working in all types of target behavior
Behavior management refers to
Working on the problem behavior
Potential problems with DRO
DRO Does not reinforce alternative appropriate behavior
DRO Is a punishment based procedure
DRO Is a procedure to reinforce dead person behavior
General term for procedures for treating problem behavior
Decelerative procedures
Contingency breaking procedures
Replacement procedures
And evidence-based practice shown to reduce problem behavior by replacing it with an appropriate communication that is reinforced with the same consequence that maintains problem behavior
FCT
The effects of antecedents are dependent upon the relation to
Consequences
The pioneers of ABA used the methods of EAb to
Figure out what to do and evaluate the effectiveness of their procedures
When implementing FCT as outlined by tiger Hanley and Bruzek
Problem behavior should be placed on extinction, choose an alternative response for problem behavior that results in the same reinforcer that maintains the problem behavior, choose an alternative response for problem behavior that is recognizable form of communication
In behavioral analysis functional relations are between
Stimulus classes and response classes
