Unit 5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypnosis

A

Hypnosis A social interaction in which one person (the subject) responds to another person’s (the hypnotist’s) suggestions that certain perception, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Posthypnotic Suggestion

A

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is not longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dissociation

A

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24 hour cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

REM Sleep

A

Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alpha Waves

A

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sleep

A

Periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Delta Waves

A

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

NREM Sleep

A

Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep. `

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

A

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm. In response to light, the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Insomnia

A

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Night Terrors

A

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

17
Q

Dream

A

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind, Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.

18
Q

Manifest Content

A

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).

19
Q

Latent Content

A

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).

20
Q

REM Rebound

A

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).

21
Q

Substance Use Disorder

A

Continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/physical risk.

22
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

23
Q

Tolerance

A

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect.

24
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known adverse consequences.

25
Q

Withdrawal

A

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior.

26
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

27
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder

A

(Popularly known as alcoholism). Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use.

28
Q

Barbiturates

A

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.

29
Q

Opiates

A

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

30
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

31
Q

Amphetamines

A

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

32
Q

Nicotine

A

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

33
Q

Cocaine

A

A powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria.

34
Q

Methamphetamine

A

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

35
Q

Ecstasy

A

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risk and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

36
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

37
Q

LSD

A

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid.

38
Q

Near-Death Experience

A

An altered sate of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as by cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.

39
Q

THC

A

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.