Unit 5

Question 0

Habituation

Answer 0

Decreasing responsiveness with a repeated stimulation

Ex: infants get uninterested with repeated exposure to a familiar stimulus

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

A relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience

Question 2

Associative learning

Answer 2

Learning that certain events occur together

Ex: classical & operant conditioning

Question 3

Classical conditioning

Answer 3

A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli.

Question 4

Behaviorism

Answer 4

You learn from observable behaviors

Question 5

Acquisition

Answer 5

Initial learning

Question 6

Higher-order conditioning

Answer 6

The use of a previously condition stimulus to condition further a response

Question 7

Extinction

Answer 7

When the CR no longer follows a CS

Question 8

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 8

The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Question 9

Generalization

Answer 9

The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

Question 10

Learned helplessness

Answer 10

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversion events

Question 11

Respondent behavior

Answer 11

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

Question 12

Operant conditioning

Answer 12

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Question 13

Operant behavior

Answer 13

Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences

Question 14

Operant chamber

Answer 14

A chamber also known as a skinner box, containing a bar or a key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animals rate of bar pressing or key pecking. Used in operant conditioning research

Question 15

Law and effect

Answer 15

Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Question 16

Shaping

Answer 16

Refers to an operant conditioning technique in which reinforcers guide behavior closer to goal

Question 17

Discriminative stimulus

Answer 17

In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

Question 18

Reinforcer

Answer 18

In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior follows

Question 19

Positive reinforcement

Answer 19

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response

Question 20

Negative reinforcement

Answer 20

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response
•NOT A PUNISHMENT•

Question 21

Primary reinforcer

Answer 21

Innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need

Question 22

Discrimination

Answer 22

Distinguishing between stimuli

Question 23

Discrimination

Answer 23

Distinguishing between stimuli

Question 24

Discrimination

Answer 24

Distinguishing between stimuli