Unit 5 Flashcards
health psychology
field that explores how biological, psychological and social factors influcence health
stress
hypertension, headaches, immune suppression
- response to challenge or demands that exceed coping ability
hypertension
high adrenaline
- increased heart rate
- constriction of blood vessels
immune suppression
cortisol prevents immune system from responding
eustress
positive stress
- motivates individual
- improves performance
distress
negative stress
- impedes ability to code
- anxiety and frustration
ACEs
heath risks
- drugs/alcohol
- missed work
- lack of physical activity
- suicide
- depression
alarm reaction phase (GAS)
activation of fight or flight
- sympathetic system releases adrenaline and cortisol
- heart rate + energy
resistance phase (GAS)
adapt and cope
- hormones stabilize
- psychological resources are depicted
fight-flight-freeze response
fight –> confront
fight –> avoid stressor
freeze –> feeling paralyzed
exhaustion phase (GAS)
bodies ability to cope diminishes, mental exhuastion, illness
tend and befriend theory
during stress people tend to seek out social connection
- tend to others rather than yourself
problem focused coping
solution oriented
- active management/alteration of stressful situation
- time-management, chunking tasks
emotion focused coping
emotion regulated
- no alteration of stressor
- just regulating emotional response
positive psychology
study of human strengths and well being
well being
subjective
- how a person feels about their life experience
resilience
ones ability to cope with life’s challenges
positive subjective experiences
private, positive, thoughts an individuals has about their life
gratitude
recognizing the positive aspects of life and the kindness of others
wisdom
acquiring and using knowledge
courage
exercise of free will to accomplish foals in the face of opposition
humanity
interpersonal strengths that involve “tending and befriending” others
justice
civic strengths that underlie health community life
temperance
strength that protect against excess desires
“self control”
transcendance
strengths that forge connections to larger universe and provide meaning
- “Hope”
post traumatize growth
finding new meaning, personal strength and appreciation for life following adversity
dysfunction
extent to which a persons feelings, thoughts and behavior interfere with ability to perform daily activitiesd
distress
experience of emotional or psychological pain
- motivates individuals to seek treatment
deviation from norms
behavior and thoughts differ from what is considered socially acceptable
cultural/societal norms
positive: avoid misdiagnoses
negative: overemphasizing cultural norms that lead to inconsistent standards for treating mental health
stigma
negative: hinder person from facing treatment
racism
positive: advocacy for diverse representation in trials
negative: could have stigma
ageism
positive: differentiate between normal aging process
negative: anxiety/depression are dismissed as “normal aging”
sexism
positive: M/F differences in mental health leads to better approaches
negative: women get over diagnosed with mood disorders, men get underdiagnosed
diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM)
- published by ADA
- widely used
- updated to reflect culturel norms
international classification of mental disorders (ICD)
- classifies disease
- not used to diagnose
eclectic
therapeutic stategy that combines elements from various theories and techniques
behavior perspective
counterconditioning, exposure therapy
psychodynamiic
disorders are irised from unconscious conflicts due to unresolved childhood experiences and repressed emotions
humanistic
lack of social support leads to inability to fulfill potential
cognitive
maladaptive thought patterns and beliefs are primary cause of mental disorders
evolutionary
traits that were once adaptive may no longer be so in modern environments
Ex: anxiety evolved to protect people from threats
sociocultural
maladaptive social and cultural relationships and dynamics contribute to disorders
Ex: eating disorders can be influenced by cultural body image ideals
biological
disorders are medical conditions
- genetics, neurotransmitters, hormonal, imbalances that contribute to disorders
biopsychological model
biological x sociological x psychological
biological factors
genetics, hormones, germs
psychological factors
stress, trauma, memory
sociocultural factors
context, norms, culture
diathesis-stress model
disorders develop due to combination of predisposition and environmental stressor
neurodevelopment disorders
occur during the developmental period
- involve CNS abnormalities
- alter thinking and behavior
ADHD
inattention + impulsive behavior
- cant focus, organize, focus attention
- struggles with tasks that require sustained mental effort
hyper activity
- excessive talking
- cant sit still
autism spectrum disorder
deficits in social communication + interaction
- problems with social communication
- fixated intersects
- sensitive to sensory input
possible causes of neurodevelopment disorders
- genetic
- teratogen’s
schizophrenic spectrum disorder
a psychotic disorder characterized by disturbance in rational thinking, emotional responsiveness
acute schizophrenia
symptoms of sudden onset, short duration, great intensity
chronic schizophrenia
symptoms persist over time
- resistant to cure
positive symptoms of schizophrenia
presence of cognitions + behaviors that are not normally presence
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
lack of typical behaviors that should be present
delusions
false belief
delusions of persecution
beliefs they are going to harmed or harassed by a person or group
delusions of grandeur
belief they have exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame
Ex: “I am God”
hallucinations
false perceptual experiences in absence of sensory input
- auditory (most common)
- tactile
- visual (uncommon)
disorganized thinking or speech
positive thinking
- does not answer questions asked
- shift from topic to topic
- string together unrelated words
word salad
string together unrelated words
disorganized motor behavior
- strange, expected behaviors/reactions
- not following directions
catatonia
inability to move normally
catatonic excitement
positive
- period of extreme restlessness + no motor activity
catatonic stupor
negative
- decreased reactive to environmental stimuli
negative symptoms
lack of conditions/behaviors that should be present
flatt
diminished emotional expression
possible causes
- genetics
- prenatal virus
- age of father at contraception
- excess dopamine
- brain structures
dopamine hypothesis
delusions, hallucinations + schizophrenia, have overactive dopamine system
depressive disorder symptoms
- persistent sad mood
- loss of interest in activities that were once fun
- feelings of hopelessness
- irritability, frustration, restlessness
- guilt
- suicide
major depressive disorder
sad mood or loss of pleasure in actives that used to be fun
- +5 other symptoms lasting 2 weeks
persistent depressive disorder
sad mood more days than not fear at least two years
- 2 or more symptoms
bipolar disorder
mental illness that causes shifts in mood, construction, energy, and activity levels
depression (bipolar)
- gloom
- withdrawal
- inability to make decision
- tiredness
mania (bipolar)
- elation
- euphoria
- hyperactive
- multiple ideas
- inflated self-esteem
- desire for action
cycling
experiencing periods of depression and mania in alternating periods
anxiety disorders
excessive fear/anxiety related to disturbances to behavior
anxiety disorders
- excessive worry or fear
- tense / on edge
- difficulty concentrating
- irritability
- restlessness
- overwhelmed
specific phobia
fear and anxiety towards specific objects or situations
acrophobia
fear of heights
arachnophobia
fear of spiders
agoraphobia
fear of being in open spaces where it may be difficult to escape
panic disorder
involved the experience of panic attacks without any apparent cause
ataque de nervios
Iberian + carribean descent
“attack of the nerves”
taijin kyofusho
Japanese –> similar to agoraphobia
- fear of being judged
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
prolonged experiences of nonspecific anxiety + fear
- fatigue
- muscle tension
- sleep disturbance
possible causes of anxiety disorder
behavior: learned associations
cognitive: maladaptive thinking
biological: 1/3 risk is genetic
OCD
intrusive thoughts (disorders ) prompt compulsions
obsession
intrusive thoughts
compulsion
repetitive, behavior intended to address obsessions
hoarding disorder
collected useless items, anxiety of prospect of organizing
possible causes of OCD
leathered behavior, emotional response, relatives
dissociative disorders
disconnection/breakdown or memory, identity, consciousness
dissociative amnesia
inability to remember personal info
local: specific events
selective: certain details
generalized: rare –> entire pst/personality
dissociative identity disorder
presence of two or more distinct personality states
PTSD
exposure to a traumatic or stressful event with subsequent psychological distress
eating disorders
altered consumption of food that impairs
anorexia nervosa
starvation diet
- underweight
bulimia nervosa
binge eating + compensatory behavior
- throwing up
personality disorders
enduring patterns of internal experience and behavior that is defiant from ones culture stable over time
cluster a
odd, eccentric
paranoid personality disorder
irrational fear of others
- interprets others intentions as bad or against them
- no hallucinations
schizoid personality disroer
lack of social relationships
- little emotion
- few social skills
schizotypal personality disorder
odd/eccentric thinking
- magical thinking
- social anxiety/paranoia
cluster b
dramatize, emotional, erratic
antisocial personality disorder
persistant pattern of diregard for rights and well being of others
- lack of empathy and remorsehi
histrionic persoanlity disroder
excessive emtioanly and attention seeking behavior
narcissitsic personality disorder
exaggerated sense of self importance
- need excessive admiration
- entitlement
- lack of empathy
borderline persoanlity disoreder
instability in mood and self image
- impulsive
- intense emotions
- cant maintain relaitonship
cluster c
anxious fearful
avoidant personality disorder
- avoids relationship and activities
- low self esteem
dependent personality disorder
difficulty making everyday decisions
- excessive need for advice
- clingy and submissive
ocd personality disroder
perfectionism
- stubborn
- control
- strict moral codes
evidence based interventions
treatment plans rooted in research that compared treatment and outcomes
cultural humility
therapy emphaiszes ongoing process of self reflection
therapeutic alliance
collaborative relationship between therapist and client
psychotropic medication
antidepressant, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers
deinstitutionalization
decrease in institutional patients
nonmaleficence
do not harm
fidelity
trust in professional relationships
integrity
accuracy and honesty
respect peoples rights and dignity
honor autonomy
free association
encouraged to express uncensored thoughts and feelings
dream interpretation
underlying meanings can be perceived through reams
cognitive restructuring
dysfunctional thought processes contribute to emotional distress and maladaptive behavior
fear hierarchy
ranking fears and accomplishingg
cognitive triad
the way you view yourself, the world and the future
exposure therapy
improves behaviors through application
systematic desensitization
expose clients to fear teaching them relaxation techniques
aversion therapy
pairs unwanted behavior with unpleasant stimulus
token economy
operation conditioning where “tokens” for good behaviors can be traded for a rewards
biofeedback
regulate body systems
dialectical behavior therapy
often used of mood swings
- mindfulness and emotional regulation
lobotomy
treats mental healthy by severing connection with prefrontal cortex with rest of brain
electroconvulsive therapy
electric shock used to induce a seizure and alleviate mental health issues
TMS
magnetic fields stimulate brain activity
