Unit 5 Flashcards
What is the path of air?
Mouth/nose - Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchioles - Alveoli - Gaseous exchange
What are the features of inspiration?
Ribs move up and outward, chest area gets larger (inflates), diaphragm contracts and pulls down, INTERCOSTAL muscles contract
What are the features of expiration?
Ribs move down and inward, chest area gets smaller, diaphragm relaxes and pushes up, INTERCOSTAL muscles relax
Name the 4 characteristics of alveoli?
1 cell thick - short distance for diffusion
Surrounded by capillaries - inc blood supply
Moist alveoli walls - gases dissolve to pass
Large SA - More gas can pass through+faster
How does oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange?
Oxygen is transferred through walls of alveoli into blood, carbon dioxide transferred into walls of alveoli from blood, this happens due to changes in pressure (concentration gradient)
What is tidal volume (1)?
Volume of air breathed in or out during a normal breath at rest
What is 2 and 3 in the SPIROMETER READINGS?
Inspiratory reserve volume (2), expiratory reserve volume (3)
Define residual volume (4)?
Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
What happens to all 1-4 volumes during exercise?
Tidal volume INC
Inspiratory reserve volume DEC
Expiratory reserve volume DEC
Residual volume STAYS SAME
((Breathing rate INC))
Define EPOC?
High intensity anaerobic exercise that produces an oxygen debt and build up of lactic acid as a waste product. EPOC is a process of cleaning the lactic acid and repaying the oxygen debt by continuing to perform deep breathing
What are the characteristics of an artery?
A - AWAY FROM HEART, thick wall, small lumin, high pressure blood
Give characteristics of a vein?
V - ToWards our heart, thinner wall, wide lumin, low pressure blood, valve prevents back flow of blood.
Give characteristics of a capillary?
One cell thick, gas can diffuse
Define vasoconstriction?
Arterioles feeding the areas not needing as much blood become smaller, restricting blood flow to those TISSUES THAT ARE NOT NEEDED DURING EXERCISE
Define vasodilation?
Arterioles feeding the areas NEEDING MORE BLOOD, ARTERIOLES BECOME WIDER
Describe the pathway of blood?
Vena cava - Right atrium - Right ventricle - Pulmonary artery - Lungs - Pulmonary veins - Left atrium - Left ventricle - Aorta - Body - Vena cava
How do you calculate cardiac output?
Stroke Volume (SV) X Heart Rate (HR)
Define stroke volume?
Amount of blood leaving the heart per beat (LITRES PER MIN)
What happens to your RESTING heart rate when you do exercise consistently (3 months)?
Decreases
What is an anticipatory rise?
Due to release of adrenaline getting body ready for FIGHT OR FLIGHT
Define diastole?
Heart relaxes and fills with blood
Define systole?
Heart contracts and pumps blood into chambers
What are the immediate effects of exercise?
Body temperature increases (SWEATING)
Increased depth and frequency of breathing
Increased heart rate
What are the short term effects of exercise (36HOURS)?
Fatigue
Light headedness
Nausea
Cramp
What are the long term effects of exercise (3MONTHS)?
Change of body shape
Build muscle
Decrease resting heart rate
Increase heart size
Improve speed
Improve suppleness (flexibility)
Improve muscular endurance
Improve CV endurance
What is hypertrophy?
Increase in any muscle
What is bradycardia?
Resting heart rate below 60
