Unit 1 Flashcards
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen = energy + water + carbon dioxide
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose = energy + lactic acid
Name 2 protective bones?
Cranium and ribs
Name 2 long bones?
Femur, humerus
Define a joint?
A joint is where two or more bones meet
What are the 3 main components of a synovial joint?
Cartilage which stops bones rubbing together, synovial membrane which holds synovial fluid in place also secreting the fluid, joint capsule which holds everything together with ligaments
Name 3 articulating bones?
Knee, ankle, shoulder
What is a hinge joint?
Extension and flexion
What is a ball and socket joint?
Extension, flexion, abduction, adduction
What is a ankle joint?
Plantar-flexion and dorsiflexion
Name 3 antagonist and agonist muscle pairs?
Hamstring + quadriceps, bicep + tricep, gluteals + hip flexor
What is a tendon?
Attached muscle to bone
What is a ligament?
Attaches bone to bone
What is the agonist muscle?
Muscle that causes movement
What is the antagonist muscle?
Muscle that opposes the movement
What is the origin tendon?
The tendon at the fixed (non moving) end
What is an isometric contraction?
Where the muscle contracts but there is no change in length e.g holding handstand
What is the insertion tendon?
The tendon at the moving end
What is an isotonic eccentric contraction?
Where muscle lengthens as it contracts e.g downward phase of press up
What is an isotonic concentric contraction?
Muscle shortens as it contracts e.g upward phase of bicep curl
What is the muscle in the neck (NEW LEARNT)?
Sternocleidomastoid
Define flexion?
Decreasing angle at the joint
Define extension?
Increasing angle at the joint
Define abduction?
Moving away from midline of body
Define adduction?
Moving toward midline of body
Define rotation (often at the shoulder)?
The limb moves in a circular movement around a fixed joint
Define circumduction?
Combination of flexion, extension and rotation
Give functions of the skeleton?
Support
Protection of vital organs
Structural shape
Mineral storage
Blood cell production
