unit 5 Flashcards
lists of rights and freedoms found in both Georgia and the hnited state’s constitutions
bill of rights
29 paragraphs of individual citizen rights for the people of Georgia
GA bill of rights
elected executive of the state; serves a four year term
governor
constitutional principle that limits the powers vested in one person or branch of government
seperation of powers
makes laws
U.S Legislative Branch
Changes made to the Georgia and:or U.S. Constitutions
Amendments
the 1st constitution of the united states, it created a weak national government. (weaknesses= no executive branch, no judicial branch, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade, etc.)
articles of confederation
something the supreme court can declare in order to check legislative or judical branch.
unconstitutional
applies to the just and fair decisions made by the judicial branch. MOTTO
Justice
Political system that allows one branch of government to veto or amend the acts of another to prevent one branch from having too much power
checks and balances
the GA Legislative Branch. Made up of the State House of Representatives and the State Senate
General Assembly
comprise the bulk of the consitution and includes paragraphs that outline the rights, rules, regulation, and procedures for both citizens and thestates government.
articles
opening statements of the georgia and the U.S. Consitutions; states the fundamental purposes of the document
Preamble
Some are mandatory, like paying taxes and serving on juries; others are voluntary, such as voting and volunteering
responsibilities of citizens
head of government
enforces laws
U.S. executive branch
Document that outlines the rights, rules, regulations, and procedures for georgias citizens and government
GA State Constitution
Process by which the legislative branch can remove the president or governor from office.
impeach
A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution
constitutional convention
the job of the executive branch does what?
enforce laws
Which section of the georgia constitution guarantees the rights to life, liberty, and property
bill of rights
how does the state government determine how they will spend the tax money that is paid to them each year?
the governor makes a budget and the general assembly approves it
before a bill can take the next step towards becoming a law, a ___________ of members in the General assembly must approve the exact same version of the bill.
majority
it takes a __________ majority of members in each house to override a governors veto.
two-thirds of
the legislative branch in georgia is referred to ________.
the general assembly
determines constitutionality of laws
supreme court
most judges in georgia are elected but some are appointed
TRUE
what court in georgia reviews lower court decisions and has a final say on interpretation of the law?
georgia supreme court
the job of the legislative branch is georgia is?
make/create laws
georgias government is set up so that each branch can check the power of the other, to ensure one does not become too powerful. this is called _______.
checks and balances
how often are georgia members elected to georgias general assembly?
2 years
georgias judicial branch serves the dual purpose of:
interpreting laws and administering justice
which department sets the standards of curriculum and instruction for state schools?
department of education
criminal violation or crime in which the punishment is less than a year in jail.
misdemeanor
serious criminal violations that result in more than one year in jail
felonies
how old you have to be to be a georgis lieutenant governor?
30
the job of georgia supreme court is:
interpret laws passed
what are the four words in the georgia state pledge?
wisdom, justice, moderation, and courage
which term applies to the executive branch of georgias government?
governor
contains a preamble
articles that define the power and functions of each branch
the rights of GA citizens
a process to amend the government of GA
what is this above?
the basic structure of GA’s constitution
Cases that involve people breaking the law are always considered what type of cases?
criminal cases
obeying laws, voting, paying taxes, and serving on jury are all considered __________ according to the Ga constitution
responsibilities of citizenship
Legislators from the state legislature (General Assembly) pass laws. The governor of Georgia from the Executive Branch enforces these laws. The judicial branch ensures justice for Georgia’s citizens. These examples describe the concept of what?
Seperations of powers
Sean, Allison, and Dante all want to vote. Sean is a native Georgian who is 17 years old. Allison has only lived in Georgia for two years and is 18. Dante is 25 years old and is a citizen of France visiting relatives in Georgia. Of these, which one can vote?
Allison
The power of one branch of government to “check” the power of another branch. To block something another branch does to keep one branch from becoming too powerful.
Checks and balances
What are the three principles of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Georgia flag?
wisdom, justice, and moderation
What are the qualifications of being a member of the General Assembly?
US citizen, resident of GA for at least 2 years, and a resident of the district running for at least one year.
The main purpose of the legislative committee system is to do what?
review and discuss bills
If a governor vetoes a bill, how can the bill still become a state law?
The bill goes back to the General Assembly and must receive a 2/3 majority vote in both houses to override the veto.
List the duties of the members of the General Assembly
Their duties include serving on a standing committee, passing legislation (laws), and approving state budgets.
- The governor may sign or veto the bill.
- A bill is proposed.
- Legislators vote on passage in both houses.
- A bill in assigned to a committee.
list them in order
2,4,3,1
What are the qualifications to run for governor of Georgia?
30 years old, citizen of US for at least 15 years and a resident of GA for at least 6 years
. Describe the terms of the governor and lieutenant governor and how they are elected?
Elected by popular vote to four year term
List of agenices that we have covered in class
Department of: education, natural resources, public safety, transportation, economic development, and Human Resources/Services.
Describe the Supreme Court
Interprets laws and deems them unconstitutional, reviews all death penalty cases, seven justices elected to six year terms, and ensures justice for Ga’s citizens.
Arrest, booking, course appearance, preliminary “probably cause” evidence hearing, grand jury indictment, arraignment (plea guilty or not guilty), trial if a not guilty plea, jury selection, opening statements, evidence presented, closing statements and arguments, jury deliberation, verdict (guilty or not guilty), and possibly appeal.
what are these?
steps of adult justice system beginning woth arrest
difference between criminal and civil laws
For criminal cases a crime has been committed (armed robbery, kidnapping, murder). For civil cases, these are between civilians/citizens (divorces, personal injury, contracts, wills, and custody).
Who has the power in Georgia’s state government to declare a law unconstitutional?
GA Supreme Court
. Every year, in order to provide services and programs to Georgia’s citizens, the Governor and General Assembly must work together to do what with the state budget?
Create a balanced budget
Taxes we covered and define them:
Income tax – a percentage of money deducted from a worker’s wages, sales tax – a percentage of money added to the price of a good or service, Property tax – an amount of money assessing the value of one’s property.
List the parts of the Georgia Constitution?
Preamble, Bill of rights, articles, and amendments
what does bicameral mean
2 houses
When it becomes necessary, by what process is the U.S. or Georgia State Constitution changed?
Amendment
Is this an example of a “check” performed by the executive branch on the legislative branch?
The governor can veto laws passed by the General Assembly.
true
The Georgia Supreme Court introduces bills into the General Assembly.
True OR False
false
What state position is considered to be the “vice” governor?
Lieutenant Governor
In order to be governor of Georgia, a person must be at least how old?
18
The highest court in Georgia’s Judicial branch is called the ________?
Supreme court
. A member of the Georgia General Assembly serves a term of how many years?
2
Sarah writes a letter to the editor of her local newspaper, expressing her opinion on a proposed legislation (bill). Based on the rights guaranteed by the Georgia constitution, Sarah is exercising her freedom of ____________.
speech and press
What branch of the state government is the law-making body of the state government?
Legislative Branch
In Georgia, judges are either appointed or elected by non-partisan popular vote.
True OR False
true
Civil law involves disputes between citizens where no laws have been broken.
A. True
B. False
True
A system that was built into the Constitution so that no single branch of government could become too powerful
Checks and balances
What is a legal document that consists of a preamble, articles, and amendments
US and GA constitution
The idea that each branch of government is distinct and has unique powers that other branches may not interfere with.
seperation of powers
Which branch carries out laws (enforces) and includes the President and Governor?
executive branch
Which branch creates laws and includes Congress and the General Assembly
legislative branch
Which branch interprets whether or not laws are constitutional and includes the Supreme and State Courts.
Judicial branch
first plan of government for the United States – 1777-1789 – had a lot of weaknesses – no executive branch, no judicial branch, could not levy taxes, no common national currency, overall weak central government, unicameral, just one branch
articles of confederation
replaced the Articles of Confederation; written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, PN; contained many compromises such as the Great Compromise that set up a bicameral Congress and the 3/5 Compromise which made slaves count as 3/5 of a person in state’s populations; 3 branches that separated power; included checks and balances; later included the Bill of Rights (first 10 amendments) so all states would ratify
U.S. Constitution
very similar to the US Constitution with a Preamble, Articles, Bill of Rights, and Amendments
GA Constitution
serve 4-year terms
president
vice president
serve 4-year terms; must be 30 years old; US citizen for 15 years; GA resident for 6 years
governor and lieutenant governor
▪ Agencies and Cabinet are also included in the executive which makes it the largest branch in Georgia’s government.
US House of Representatives and US Senate
US Congress
Georgia House of Representatives and Georgia Senate
Georgia General Assembly
based on population – 2 year terms at state and national levels
House Of Representatives
same for each state at national level – 2 for 100 total
Senate
US Supreme Court – highest court in the land; GA Supreme Court – highest court in Georgia
Supreme Court
Trial courts determine if someone did something wrong or not – can be civil (a person claims that another person did something wrong to them like the People’s Court) or criminal (when a person claims a crime has been committed against them - Did someone break the law and get reported by another citizen or by an agent of the court like the police?)
Appellate Courts determine whether or not a lower court’s decision was correct.
Trial Courts and Appellate courts
Executive says NO to a law after it passes both houses of legislature
veto
Legislative accuses an official of wrongdoing. This is followed by a trial which can in theory remove the person from office if they are found guilty.
Impeachment
Judicial can get rid of laws if they do not agree with the Constitution.
Finding a law unconstitutional
How government is funded – Taxes are collected at all levels of government in the US.
taxes
