Unit 5 Flashcards
Questions for Gender & work
What is work and how is it gendered? What about paid vs unpaid work?
What is the idea of work based on
A male version of employment
Standard Employment
- More men and male model of employment, by going away in the morning, wife stays at home, husband comes home in the evening
- 40h a week, 9-5
- 48 hours, 48 weeks, 48 years
- Vacation job
- Theoretically stay in that job through your “work life”
- Good jobs, they are usually stable, with higher compensation, more room for promotion, insurance & benefits, and more security
Non-standard employment
- Different & growing
- Can be part time job
- Less guaranteed/stable (easier to lose job or not have contract renewed)
- Bad jobs, as more precarious, lower rates of pay, low benefits, little/no room for advancement, less status/prestige associated with, less money
Standard vs Nonstandard in families
- Dad gets the normal 9-5 job & mom gets her hours in when kids are at school
- If family splits up, it becomes mom vs dad, with the question of how does mom get back time not spent making money (mommy tax)
Gender Wage Gap
- More women in nonstandard
- Although it has shrunk, there is still a present gender wage gap ($1: ¢50-81)
- Different groups are impacted differently
- Varies between private and public, as the gap can be more controlled in private
- intersectionality and exacerbated challenges contribute
Female breadwinners
- More households with women making the most or the sole income, today
- Mostly includes single mothers
Single mothers issues
Most often have nonstandard job positions and are more likely to go unstable; in old age, women are still at higher risk of poverty, due to a harder time of making retirement money; not uniform experience
Fields with gendered patterns impacting income
Pink ghettos (the 5Cs)
5 Cs
Caring, clerical, catering, cashiering, & cleaning
What is unpaid work
Domestic labour (cooking, cleaning, kids), emotional labour, volunteering (in community), chauffeuring, secretary & making same household functions, caregiving/caretaking kids & elderly, pets
Second Shift
Even when both hetero partners have full time jobs, women will have “second shifts” (domestic labour & unequal distribution)
The mental load
- Invisible forms of unpaid labour that are crucial
- Includes emotional labour
- Always having to remember (deadlines, shopping lists, etc.)
Why is it improtant
All these things can lead to burnout, quiet quitting (Covid showing levels of women’s labour) women with less financial dependence & stability
Gender & Care
- Only a recent concern, largely feminist
- Hugely important & hugely undervalued (nannies, daycares, social work involve lots and lots of care)
- Significant component in reproduction of gender inequities in society
- Types of care, locations of care
- Love labour, love prisoners & commodification
