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Soc 301 > Unit 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Unit 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Thinking About Sociology & Gender

A
  • Theory vs. lived
  • Gender studies as an ongoing project
  • Engaging your own gendered life experiences throughout the course (regardless of your gender)
  • Mills and the (public) politics of (private) personal troubles
  • Gender identify, attribution, and expression
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2
Q

Risman

A

Broadly thinking of gender in social sciences

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3
Q

Robinson

A

Considering gender and intersectionality more specifically

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4
Q

Ahmed

A

Thinking about feminisms, praxis, the personal and the political

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5
Q

Risman & History of Gender Theory

A
  • Gender as going beyond personal identity
  • History of gender theories
    • Biology - science replaces religion as justification to restrict women
    • Psychology - gender as personality characteristics?
    • “Doing genders” vs. structural theory
  • Tying these to waves
  • Contemporary themes:
    • Frames, cultural logic, and queer theories
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6
Q

Gender as a Social Structure

A
  • Individual Material
  • Interactional Material
  • Macro Material
  • Individual Cultural
  • Interactional Cultural
  • Macro Cultural
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7
Q

Individual Material

A

The Body

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8
Q

Interactional Material

A
  • Proportional representation
  • Access to social networks
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9
Q

Macro Material

A
  • Distribution of Resources
  • Institutional Rules
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10
Q

Individual Cultural

A
  • Socialization
  • Identities
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11
Q

Interactional Cultural

A
  • Stereotypes
  • Cognitive Bias
  • Expectations
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12
Q

Macro Cultural

A
  • Hegemonic Beliefs
  • Institutional Logics
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13
Q

1st Wave Feminism

A
  • Late 19th, early 20th centuries
  • Sex is biological, inherent, fixed
  • Primary focus:
    • The right to vote; Suffragette movement
    • The right to own property
  • But who is left behind?
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14
Q

2nd Wave

A
  • Latter half of the 20th C up to approx. 1980s
  • Sex vs. (essential) gender
  • The personal is political
    • Reproductive rights, “equal” pay for equal work, childcare, violence & law
  • Fissures forming
  • Who is left behind?
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15
Q

3rd Wave

A
  • What’s a construction anyways?
    • No more binary, no more essentialism, no more stability
  • Sex is gendered
  • Intersectionality and the matrix of domination
  • Expanding the field (globalization, neoliberalism, colonialism, Islamophobia, & more)
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16
Q

Looking Beyond the Third Wave

A
  • The future of gender (sex/gender); the future of feminism
  • Postfeminism and resisting depoliticization
  • Coalition building
  • Is neoliberalism as killing the sociological imagination? “Consumer” as primary identity?
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17
Q

What is gender?

A
  1. A social construction
  2. Structural
  3. Performed
  4. Performative
  5. Subjective
  6. Embodied
  7. Discursive
  8. Political
  9. Personal
  10. Social/Relation
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18
Q

Doing Gender

A
  • “Doing Gender” - Kind of a big deal
  • Gender as innate vs gender as put on
  • Accomplishing gender - sending the right signals
  • We have to carefully manage our performances to be accountable in public spaces
19
Q

Critiques of Doing Gender

A
  • A big deal, but not perfect
  • What about bodies?
  • What about intersectionality?
  • What about sexualities?
  • What about Power?
  • What about undoing it?
20
Q

Judith Butler and Performativity

A
  • Another big deal
  • Flipping sex-gender on its head
  • An un-gendered subject
  • Acts and repetition
  • Becoming a (always, already) historically gendered body
21
Q

Critiques of Butler’s Performativity

A
  • Butler - some love her, some hate her
  • Inaccessible
  • Theory vs praxis
  • Disempowered subjectivity
  • Un-fixing those who would rather be fixed
  • Is it intersectional?
22
Q

Differences between Doing Gender and Gender Performativity

A

A performer is an actor who makes choice about how to product gender scripts vs a subject that is only produced through acts

23
Q

Problems with Doing Gender Today

A
  • Contemporary misuses of “doing gender”
    1) Lost the heart of the feminist critique
    2) Gender is as gender does (moving signposts)
24
Q

Undoing Gender

A
  • What might undoing look like
  • 3 ways to consider undoing: Opening/widening, transgressing, and transformation
  • Bechdel, transitions, and gender non-confirming
25
Q

Undoing or Redoing?

A
  • Public celebrity transitions
  • A challenge to norms, or reification?
26
Q

Intersectionality

A
  • A robust background on gender and racialization
  • What is intersectionality?
    • “a Black feminist theory of power that recognizes how multiple systems of oppression including racism. patriarchy, capitalism, [and more!] interact to disseminate disadvantage to and institutionally stratify different groups”
    • Slippage?
  • Intersectionality as power theory, (alt) gender theory, & methodology
27
Q

Feminist and Killing Joy

A
  • Ahmed - public scholar in the UK
  • Feminism and affects (feelings)
    • Happiness, joy & joylessness, anger, disappointment
  • A reaction to feminist killjoy as pejorative
  • Feminist, black feminist, and queer feminist scholarship
28
Q

Feminist Beginnings

A
  • Feminism as a way of making sense of how we relate to the world
  • The intense ritual of the family dinner table
  • Disrupting “bliss” and becoming problematic
29
Q

What can we talk about, what can we feel?

A
  • “Only certain things can be brought up”
    • The normalized silencing of dissent, disruption
  • What happens when we speak the unspeakable?
  • The expectation/responsibility to preserve happiness
  • “Inappropriate affects” - Feeling wrong
30
Q

The Beginnings of Activism and Affect Aliens

A
  • The gap between how we feel and how we’re supposed to feel
  • Affect Aliens
    • Self doubt, rage, confused
  • Threatning happiness; our own and others’
  • Saying yes - Becoming the Killjoy
31
Q

Happiness is Good, and All Political Activists Struggle Against It

A
  • Happiness is good, so others want us to be happy
  • Political activists will experience reactions for disrupting happiness
  • Collective efforts are key
  • Feminism demonstrates that happiness is sustained by erasing “the signs of not getting along”
  • An expectation of happiness is oppression, to refuse happiness is to be outside
32
Q

To Be Difficult

A
  • Being feminist is to be difficult - to be seen as difficult is to have consequences
  • Are feminist joyless? Are they taking others down with them?
  • The loss of the argument in the reception of the affect
  • The contagion of the wretch
  • Seeing problems and killing our own joy
33
Q

Feminist Tables and Emotions

A
  • The challenges of feminist emotions
  • Being angry and being framed as angry
  • Reflecting and working through emotions as “sites of struggle”
  • The fictive Angry Black Woman, when gender and race intersect with affect
34
Q

Getting in the Way and Refusing to Let Go

A
  • Killing joy as willfulness
  • Willfully pushing against the crowd
  • Finding collectives at new tables
  • Consciousness-raising matters (still)
  • Strategizing movement through oppressive spaces
  • Dealing with backlash, staying sore, and finding joy again
35
Q

Unit 2: Gender & Power

A
  • How/why has this way of thinking come to be?
  • What are the implications of this way of thinking?
  • How is this (re)produced?
36
Q

Background on Hegemonic Masculinity

A
  • Gender, gender everywhere (but not always the same!)
  • Latter half of the 20th C, research on masculinity grows
  • Multiple, unequal masculinities and feminists
  • Raewyn Connell & hegemonic masculinity
37
Q

Hegemony & Gender

A
  • Hegemony - “Predominance obtained by consent”
    • Antonion Gramsci - how powerful groups (capitalist bourgeois) used cultural hegemony to legitimize their positions of power by developing the consent of those in subordinate social positions
  • Hegemonic gender - taken for granted relations of powder and domination of men over women that people accept and understand as natural and normal
38
Q

Hegemonic (and other) Masculinities

A
  • Hegemonic masculinity - one ring to rule them all
  • Connell’s 7 insights:
    • Multiple masculinities which are hierarchical and hegemonic
    • Collectively produced and actively constructed
    • Body as a key site of production
    • Internal tensions and contradictions, but change is possible
39
Q

Hegemonic (and other) Masculinities

A
  • Hegemonic masculinity
  • Marginalized masculinity
  • Subordinate masculinity
  • Complicit masculinity
  • Emphasized femininity
  • Serving men & masculinity
  • Dominant masculinity?
  • Positive/personalized masculinities?
  • Feminine masculinities?
40
Q

Hegemonic (and Other) Femininities

A
  • Hegemonic femininity
    • Pariah femininities, male femininities
  • Understanding legitimation
    • Heterosexual matrix (Butler)
    • It all comes down to penetration
41
Q

Schipper’s Questions

A
  • What characteristics or practices are understood as manly in the setting?
  • What are characteristics or practices are understood as womanly?
  • Of those practices and characteristics, which situate femininity as complementary and inferior to masculinity?
  • What characteristics or practices of women are defined as feminine, contaminating, or disruptive?
  • What characteristics or practices of men are defined as feminine, contaminating, or disruptive?
42
Q

Fisk & Ridgeway and Framing

A
  • The centrality of gender: “A primary frame for organizing social relations”
  • Instantaneous and unconscious sex categorization
  • Social interactions shaped by gendered discourse
    • To make sense of others and ourselves
    • Disruption requires conscious effort
43
Q

Humour and Hegemonic Gender

A
  • Taking humour seriously
  • Gender humour shaping policing of gender and creating self-regulating gendered subjects
  • Protecting the gender order with butts (or self-deprecating our own butts)
  • “Unlaughter”
44
Q

Breaking Comedy & Hannah Gadsby

A
  • Nannette (2017)
  • “Quitting” comedy
  • Humility vs humiliation (being the butt)
  • “Breaking comedy” and centring trauma
  • Hegemonic gender?

Soc 301 (6 decks)

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