Unit 10

Question 1

Gender as it relates to health

Answer 1

• Gender is a social determinant of health, as it does not impact everyone in the same way
• Nonmedical factors also influence health, like recreation, income, intersectionalities, types of society, jobs, geographical locations, social support/networks, etc.
• there are gendered inequities in health, like with how sport is more encouraged for some, for example with aggressive/violent sports for men or with TGNC facing more barriers

Question 2

Gender as it relates to health - Gendered subjectivities

Answer 2

• Shape our behaviours
• Different toxic exposures based on gender (risky jobs vs cosmetics) are related and defined differently
• Internalizing gender norms & behaviours (risk taking vs avoidant behaviours)
• HC can be shaped with barriers like seeking help is associated with women, who do it more often, which is then associated with weakness

Question 3

Gender as it relates to HC - Gender Discrimination

Answer 3

• Sterelization choices, like litigation (getting tubes tied) is questioned and often rejected
• Questions for whether it is necessary, who has a right to choose, who has a right to accept or deny

Question 4

Gender as it relates to HC - Gender Barriers in Care

Answer 4

• Women are often the primary caregivers and face barriers because of this
• Their health is often put second to care receivers
• It may be harder to get a mandatory appointment with a doctor for example, like a pap smear, if constantly looking after kids, and they may delay or not prioritize their own healthcare

Question 5

Gender as it relates to HC - Gender-related Care

Answer 5

• Maternity care is often inadequate, as it is offered as regular care, rather than specific or acute
• Gender affirming care (trans men need reproductive services to prevent certain issues but may not have access to them or have harder time due to medical professionals lacking appropriate/necessary knowledge or not being accepting)

Question 6

Embodiment and cumulative burden

Answer 6

• How do these things come together to impact health
• Chronic stress is enhanced by inequity and social class, as individuals seen by society as less than (race, gender, etc.) will be at higher risk of increased stress

Question 7

Gender & pain - Masculinity

Answer 7

• Hegemonic masculinity (hierarchical system of gender)
• Andronormativity, which normalizes prominence or taken for grantedness of masculinity
• It shows how most research is based on men and is generalized to others, like heart attacks in women are often undertreated or untreated all together and at higher risk of health issues

Question 8

Gender & pain - Gendered Aspects

Answer 8

• Pain and strain are seen as feminine
• Pain is therefore emasculated

Question 9

Gender & pain - Paradox

Answer 9

• More pain experienced and shown, but minimized and un/under-treated
• Women being minimized (pain) or psychologized, rather than taken seriously and therefore not receiving (adequate) care
• Women will try to not appear “too feminine” to be taken seriously, but not appearing too good either so the ailment is not masked
• Constant struggle to be taken seriously by medical practitioners

Question 10

Gender & pain - Gender norms and accessing mental heath support

Answer 10

Hard to achieve a ground w/o barriers for men but does not overmasculinize/be too “in a box” for men to access MH support