Unit 5 Flashcards
Abnormal Sexual Behavior
Behavior that is statistically rarely practiced
Socially abnormal sexual behavior
Behavior outside of social norms
The 4 Ds of psychological abnormal sexual behavior
Dysfunctional
Distress
Deviant
Dangerous
Paraphilia
Unusual or unconventional sexual behavior
Paraphilic Disorder
Sexual behavior causing the 4 Ds of psych abnormality
-Is necessary to experience arousal
Pedophilia
Attraction to pre-pubescents children
-Victim is under 13
-Offender is older than 15
-If offender is 16, victim has to be +5 years younger
-Can have the disorder but not engage
-Tend to have lower IQs
Fetishism
Arousal for an inanimate object
-NC
Partialism
Arousal for non-genital body parts
-NC
Exhibitionism
Exposing self to unsuspecting others
-Aroused by power
-M > F
-DS for F flashing (Madrigal beads!)
-C
Frotterism
Rubbing genital against unsuspecting other
-Aroused by power
-C
Sexual Masochism VS Sexual Sadism
Masochist takes the pain, sadist gives the pain
-Both can be C or NC
Transvestism
Cross-dressing in clothing of opposite sex
Voyerism
Observing an unsuspecting other who is naked, disrobing, or having sex
BDSM
Bondage, discipline, sadism, and masochism
-If consentual, it is not a disorder
Domination and Submission
Controlled by elaborate scripts
-Arousal from having or losing power
-Not about pain
Bondage and Discipline
One person is bound and is punished while the other person disciplines them
-M high in power may like to be dominated (Secondary control)
Humiliation
Some people are aroused by being humiliated
When do behaviors become a disorder?
-When behavior becomes necessary for arousal
-Sexual masochism/sadism can included
-Becomes an autoerotic asphyxiation
*No evidence of aiding sexual pleasure
*More common in M
Prevalence in paraphilias
-M > F
-Overall is INC
-Voyeurism is most common
M: Voyeurism
F: Masochism, wanting to engage in more fetishes
Less common paraphilias
Coprophilia - Feces
Kilsmaphilia - Enema / Body fluids
Necrophilia - Dead things / people
Telephone Scatologia - Sending SEM to unsuspecting other
Urophilia - Urine
Zoophilia - Beastiality but has concern for the animal
-Starts at young age
-Common for farmers
Can sex be an addiction?
Depends on the definition of “addiction”
-Dependency is more appropriate
Nymphomania
7 or more O/week for F
-Bad definition
*F can have more than 1 O
*Hyper-sexual is more appropriate for the definition
Satyriasis
M having 7 or more O/week
-Not commonly known because of Femm Theory
How much sex is too much?
-If it interferes w/ life
*Causes DS, M = rewarded, F = Punished
-Varies by culture
-Morality role
Hypersexuality
High desire for sex
-INC activity in nucleus accumbens when shown sexual images
*Correlation ≠ Causation
*Endorphines?
Impulse Control Disorder (ICD)
DSM appropriate definition for hypersexuality
-Lack of control
-Obsessive
-Gambling
Etiology of Paraphilias
Classical Conditioning
-NS paired w/ US causing NS to become a CS and have a CR
-Important to development of paraphilia
Operant Conditioning
-POS reinforcement INC & STR behavior
-Can lead to extinction
Lack of self-control can be rewarding
-sado-masochism
Rape VS Sexual Assault (SA)
Rape - Unwanted penetration
SA - Unwanted sexual touching
*Not rape
Both:
-Unwanted
-Coercive
-Sexual assault
Sexual Coercion (SC) stats
-F > M to be sexually violate
-M & F can be SA
-SA is about POWER
SC & SA Prevalence
-Rape is underreported
*1/5 F will be raped
-40% of first rapes happen before the age of 18
-Being raped usually causes bad terror
-Most victims show significant recovery ~1yr after
-F can O during rape, doesn’t mean it was pleasurable
-~43% of F experience some sort of sexual assault
-Consent IS KEY
*Those taken drugs or alcohol cannot give consent
Impact of SA/Rape
Physical Injury
-Cuts, bruising, STI transmission
PTSD
-Triggers classical conditioning
-Rumination of trauma
-Hypervigilance
-Flash backs and nightmares
-More severe than PTSD from war
-Contradicts trust in society
Factors affecting psychological outcomes after SA/rape
-Revictimization
-Reaction of others when told
-Severity of the assault
-Self-blame
-Rumination
Health issues after SA/rape
F INC chance of having health issues after SA than M
-F have INC physical symptoms
Maladaptive Coping
INC severity of trauma, INC chance of alcoholism
-Alcohol interferes w/ adapting techniques
*Cannot extinct trigger, INC drinking, cycle continues
-Those who use alcohol to cope are likely to become dependent
Effects on sexual behavior after SA/rape
-DEC sex
-Disconnect of mind and body when they do engage in sex
-Feels like “damaged goods”
*Can cause self-fulfilling prophecy
*Value = sexuality = INC of engaging in sex work (SW)
*Worse for those in human trafficing
PT Growth
-Therapy is successful
-Having survived = greater purpose
-INC care and concern for others
*Empathy
*Depends on mindset of victim
Date Rape in College
-Usually F victim
-78% attacker is someone the victim knows
-Bisexuals are most likely to be assaulted
-F > TGQN > M
Affirmative Consent
When someone says “YES!” through the WHOLE sexual act
-Wanting sex ≠ consent
-Just ASK!!!
Date Rape Drugs
Alcohol
-M can better handle alcohol
-Roofies are less used
Alcohol Myopia
Lack of concern for future while drinking, only living in the present
Time-Out Hypothesis
People aren’t responsible for their actions while drinking
-It wasn’t them, it was the alcohol
Victim Precipitated Rape
Victim blaming
-Rape culture
*Is accepted by society
*Myth impact
*Occurs where M are valued (frat, sports, ect)
Rape Myths
False beliefs about rape
-Is a crime of passion
*“They want it”, “It was for revenge”, “M can’t be raped”
*Society’s role
25% of middle school boys think its okay to force a sexual act on someone if they spent money on the victim
Alcohol Expectancy Effect
Expectations of how alcohol effects you
-Alcohol = sex, self-fulfilling prophecy, placebo effect
Are rapists psychopaths?
Most are not
-Have a hard time reacting to hostility
*Usually hostility = NO SEX
-Display of anger throughout violent sexual acts
-Is about power and dominance over F (Femm Theory)
Social Disorganization
Society doesn’t enforce laws!
-INC rape during war
Conformity to MASC norms
The extent to which a M is willing to adhere to MASC norms predicts SA occurrence
-POS correlation between conformity to MASC norms w/ disdaining gays and power over F w/ rape myth acceptance
-DEC when intervention and correctional learning happens
-POS reinforcement
Precarious Manhood Theory
MASC is hard to earn, easy to lose, and when it is lost M must display social proof to re-earn it
Threating MASC and opinions on victim
M w/ MASC threatened = INC blame on victim
-F w/ threatened FEMM, INC support for victim, INC blame on attacker especially if M
Characteristics of Rapists
-INC RMA (rape myth acceptance)
-INC aggression and impulsivity
-Lack of empathy
-PREV exposure to trauma (SA is most common)
-PREV peer group pressure
-Part of peer group pressuring sex, forceful sex, w/ many people
Frats and sexual behaviors
If a M frat feels like group encourages sexual behaviors, they will conform
-Peer pressure
-Need to recognize the behavior & pressure
*Gravitate to member like them that is against the behaviors
Group Think and Gang Rape
-Happens w/ politics
-Fear of being ostracized
Sexually Explicit Material (SEM)
Material made to arouse people
-Difficult to study due to subjectiveness
Erotica
Sexual material evaluated positively
-Considered more artistic
-Has respect and mutuality, which is not usually found in porn
Porn
Sexual material usually w/ imbalances of power
-Usually thought of as obscene (not accepted by society)
*Offensive *Objective
Porn can cause conflicting feelings about sexuality
Legality of SEM
Is legal unless is child porn, revenge porn, or taken and shown w/out consent
Examples of SEM
-Videos, movies, films
-Books, stories
-Pictures, drawings
ECT!!!
College Students and SEM
1/3 of students report viewing SEM within the last month
Why is PlayBoy dying? (RIP PlayBoy)
-Internet
-DVDs
-Privatization of porn
Pornhub’s viewers
Pornhub has +120 MILLION visitors worldwide
Viewing SEM & SEV, M VS F
-M view more
-Peaks at 30-39 for M, then DEC
-Peaks at 25-29 for F, then DEC
In the last month, 24% of M&F report having watched SEV. In the last year, 39%, and 70% through their life time.
Why might someone not view SEV?
-Religion
-Dislike it
-No access to it
-No need to view it
Porn’s Target Audience
White M
-Heteronormative stereotypical
SEV consent and objectification
-Most videos show consent
-F are VERY objectified, especially more than M
-If power differential is present, generally equal amongst sexes
-If violence is depicted, F usually are the victims
*Sending message to viewer
SEV being unrealistic
-Little to no focus on present relationship
-L to N focus on intimacy or emotional connection
-Anal orgasms aren’t real
Femme Porn
Porn reflected towards F fantasies
-INC in cost to make
-Not really appealing to target audience
Why is porn getting more and more extreme
Novelty and the Coolidge effect
Gay OR Lesbian Porn
Gay porn focuses on M body
Lesbian porn = INC realistic if directed by a lesbian
*INC variance of body types as well
Does Porn Pay Well?
It depends
-F are paid more
-F don’t have a refractory period and hence can make more
-INC in pay depending on the act
Damaged Goods Hypothesis
Those previously abused INC chance of doing porn
SEV actors and actresses INC chance of
-Being BI
-Retracting an STI
-Reporting INC sexual enjoyment than those not in porn
-Report having sex at a younger age
-INC number of partners
Life after porn
Some felt it was a bad idea and that it follows them, haunting them. Others don’t mind it, say it made them money and more confident.
Effects of SEV on the individual
-If viewer finds the video acceptable = arousal
*Will not find unacceptable videos arousing
-Portrayal of CONSENTING-heterosex = INC sexual thoughts and behaviors
Sexual Aggression
-Exposure to violent SEV = INC tolerance to violent acts against F
-Violence towards F in SEV = INC M aggression against F
Catharsis-Effect-Hypothesis
Viewing violent porn relieves sexual aggression and violence in M
-BULLSHIT!
-Any changes in views due to porn is VERY small
Does SEV cause changes in Partner views?
It depends
-Class mostly comes to terms w/ it depending on many factors but overall demand communication
FEMM Views about porn
-Maintains power structure
-Can be empowering
Strippers
-Mostly single moms
-Money is good
-ADV over being a prostitute
*Safer!
Why are there less strip clubs?
-Internet
-Social stigmas
-They’re expensive
ADV of strip clubs
-INC sociality
-Live entertainment
Sex Workers
1% of F report engaging in sex for $
-Street-based VS call girls
Street Based Sex Workers
-Hooker, prostitute
-SA more common VS other SWs
-Can be M or F
-Common drug or alcohol abuse
-Common suicide attempts
-If protected, protected by pimp
*Takes partial profit, is usually abusive and expecting sex
Call-Girl SWs
-Highest value of SWs
-Highest pay and protection
-Self or company employed
-Escorts (INC time w/ client)
Brothels
Brothels in the US are only legal in NV (population pending per county)
-Testing for STIs
-Johns/clients HAVE to wear a condom
-House setting, but don’t have to live there
Massuses
Massage parlor
-F uses hands to pleasure client (usually M)
-Largely replaced by brothels
Cam-Girls/Chat-Sites
-Live interaction at home
-INC safety
-42% of chaturbate users report having STRONG feelings for the person they chat w/
