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Close Relationships and Human Sexuality (EPSY-305-200) > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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Conversation Starters flashcards
1
Q

Issues w/ data from childhood and adolescence

A

-Comes from self reports and interviews
-There is little data
-Controversial topic
-Children are vulnerable

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2
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

Over a long period (years)
-Strong confidence in results (well sampled)
-Able to see developmental changes

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3
Q

Observational Study

A

-Very little data
-Hard to perform
-Part of socialization and learning
-Shame role
-Inaccurate data

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4
Q

Sexual Response from infancy to preschool

A

Sexual response occurs even in utero and infancy
-Erection in male
-Reports of vaginal lubrication in F infant hours after birth
-Infant F orgasm possible

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5
Q

Psychosexual Development Inf-PreS

A

-Intimacy w/ children is normal and should be seen as so
-Children can set their own boundaries

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6
Q

Masturbation/Self Stim in Inf-PreS

A

Shaming masturbation is positive reinforcement for:
-DEC in behavior
-Shame and guilt feelings
-Hiding actions
-M VS F value learned
*M valued more
*Encouraged to follow masc or femm roles
*F learn inferiority

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7
Q

Masturbation is taught as

A

-“If it feels good, its bad”
*Around this time 50% children engage in self-stim
-Negative attitude = Shame/anxiety = secrecy = guilt
-Healthy messages should be used

-M masturbate earlier and more than F

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8
Q

Role of Family During Childhood: nudity

A

-Children are often nude:
*Younger = more acceptable
*Gender difference in acceptance of nudity
*Socialization role
-What do if they walk in on you?
-Respect their privacy

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9
Q

Attachment

A

Early attachment reflects adult attachment style
-INC physical affection = INC adult sex life quality
-Teaching children their body is THEIRS
*Creation of boundaries
-Instilling confidence and self worth
-Listen and trust a child that confides in you about abuse
*They are loved and it is not their fault

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10
Q

Child-Child Sexual Encounter

A

Playing Doctor - Children exposing genitalia and/or fondling them
*Ask what they’re doing (Chances are they don’t know)
*Don’t shame them

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11
Q

Lack of Hetero Behavior (~6-11)

A

-M&F separate
*Cooties!
-Role in understanding gender
-Socialization

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12
Q

Bio & Social function of gender separation in childhood

A

-11-12 M&F in same-sex interaction
-Adrenarche
-M more likely to engage in this behavior
*circle jerk
-Most children having some sort of consensual sexual experience

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13
Q

Adrenarche

A

DHEA INC andgrogen
-~10yo

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14
Q

Childhood Sexualization

A

Sexuality is inappropriately imposed on children & they’re valued because of it
-F more effected than M
-Learning that sexual = value

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15
Q

Childhood sexualization and learning

A

-Learning INC value from sexuality = INC sexual behavior
-INC chance of later getting plastic surgery
-Grades/career suffer from worrying about appearance
-DEC in self-esteem, INC body issues
-Lead to too early sex and bad relationships
-INC chance of engaging in risky sexual behavior

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16
Q

Sexual Interest During Adolescence (12-18)

A

INC sexual interest
-Strong correlation between T levels and sexual activity
-T correlation in F but much weaker than M
*Stronger w/ absent father
-Permissive attitudes = INC chance of engaging in sex
-Religiosity effect
*F w/ INC religiosity = DEC sex

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17
Q

Masturbation During Adolescence

A

-M more than F
-M spike ~14

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18
Q

Social Influences During adolescence

A

Parents, friends, then teachers
-Teens are more likely to listen to friend’s advice

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19
Q

Media and Sexuality

A

Shown as heteronormative, casual, unsafe, and usually while drunk!
-Alcohol consumption = bad sex
*Hard to stop sex because “alcohol = sex”
-Overall mixing the two leads to bad decisions and impulsivity

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20
Q

Media and Sexuality II

A

-Learning from media = INC chance of engaging in risky or drunk sex
-INC porn viewing = INC chance of engaging in sex the following year
*Learning of sexual script

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21
Q

If they AREN’T having sex, why? (15-19yo)

A

1) Don’t want to get pregnant

#2) Against their morals/religion
#3) Haven’t found the right person

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22
Q

If they ARE having sex, why? (15-19yo)

A

1) Social pressure/status, to achieve masc., ect.

-M have INC pressure, F have INC anxiety
#2) Pleasure, feels good
#3) Relationship goals

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23
Q

Same-Gendered Sex (15-19)

A

Same-gendered sex doesn’t usually happen around this age
-7% F, 2% M, somehow equals out to ~5% overall

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24
Q

Too Early Sex

A

Sex before the age of 15

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25
Q

Consequences of too early sex

A

-Likely to not use condom
-Likely INC of future partners
-Risk of STDs
-F less likely to later marry (10yrs later)
*Mate value gone down?

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26
Q

Predictors of too early sex

A

-Parental Issues
*DEC monitoring
*Not living w/ parents
*What parents teach
-Physical Development
*INC, especially in F than M
-Education acquisition
-Media consumption
-Self-esteem

27
Q

Cross Culture too early sex

A

11% having too early sex in US
-Is very high in S American countries
*Africa
*Influence on resource availability

28
Q

Pros and Cons of the Adolescent Brain

A

Pros:
-Nucleus Accumbens - Senses what we like
-Amygdala - Emotions
-INC creativity and adventurism

Cons:
-Pre-frontal cortex - Makes rational decisions
*Slow to develop

29
Q

Data of Early Adulthood

A

-Survey/sampling bias as taken from college students
-Participation bias of volunteers
-Is heteronormative in nature
90% by age 25-

30
Q

Influences on the likelihood of having intercourse

A

-Stress
-Goal attainment
*Social status
*revenge sex
-Emotions
*Love and commitment
*Make you feel better
-Insecurity
*Feel better about self

31
Q

Frequency of sex in young adults

A

Those 18-29, there a 50% rise of people NOT having sex
-DEC weekly, INC monthly
-Overall downward trend of those having sex and how frequently

32
Q

Influences on Frequency of sex in young adults

A

-Stress and use of antidepressants
*Obesity
*Diabetes
*Risk of seen as rude
-Technology
-Porn in media
*Bad expectations
-“Hesitant M”
*Is doubtful
-Living w/ Parents
*economy

33
Q

Diverse Sex Lives of College Yrs and Adulthood

A

Active and unprotected
-INC partners = DEC importance
-MOD satisfaction

34
Q

Diverse Sex Lives… Satisfied Group

A

Satisfied Group
-Regular sex = DEC importantce
-Satisfied w/ when they get it
-DEC in partners, INC in safety

35
Q

Diverse Sex Lives… Inactive Group

A

-Low/no frequency
-Low importance
-Low satisfaction

36
Q

Diverse Sex Lives… Pressure Group

A

-DEC satisfaction
-Frequently COERCED into sex (partner or social script)

37
Q

Hooking Up

A

Intercourse, foreplay, ect
-Not easy to define
-Varies person to person
-M INC comfort w/ oral or vaginal intercourse
-F INC comfort w/ activity above the waist

38
Q

Friends w/ Benefits

A

Friends who may be sexually intimate
-Someone w/ previous connection, then sex
-NO commitment

39
Q

Fuck Buddy

A

Only sex, no relationship or friendship
-No emotional connection

40
Q

Expectations for a romantic relationship after…

A

FwB - INC chance
Hook ups - Very low
*may lead to fuck buddies

41
Q

Predictors of Casual Sex after hook up

A

-Obtained feelings after casual sex
-If you already knew them

42
Q

Hooking up and cognitive dissonance

A

When discrepancy occurs between two attitudes &/or behaviors
-INC stress
-May lead to lying to self

43
Q

Does hooking up = bad sex?

A

Generally, yes
-Magnifies O gap and DEC pleasure
*M more likely to O than F

-Receiving oral
*DEC chance for F in hook up or general

-INC chance of coercion during hook ups

44
Q

Alcohol and Sex (College-YA)

A

-Gender threatened = INC alcohol consumption
*INC impulsive and risky behavior/sex
-Alcohol Myopia - Focused on present, no concern of future

45
Q

Consequences of alcohol and sex (college-YA)

A

-F DEC chance of obtaining O
*If they do, its less intense/pleasurable
-M cannot turn off erection (if they get one) if consuming alcohol
-M DEC chance of erection and cognitive control

45
Q

Consequences of alcohol and sex II (college-YA)

A

-Alcohol w/ casual sex = DEC satisfaction, especially F’s
-Alcohol w/ sex = sexual regret
-INC drinks = INC chance of coitus (esp. risky P-vag or P-anal)
-INC alcohol = Bad/DEC communication = INC rape or sexual coercion
*Less blame on M, more for F

46
Q

Casual Sex (College YA)

A

-Seen as: M = Stud, F = whore
-INC loneliness after
*More F than M
*Social role in no M communication
*Peers find M get sad/offended

47
Q

Age of Marriage

A

-M > F to marry
-We are marrying later
*M may b/c of INC resources
-In W culture, love is the main reason for marriage

48
Q

Serial Monogomy

A

Having more than 1 monogamous sexual relationship
-1/4 do this
*Potential learning opportunity

49
Q

Cohabitation

A

Living w/ romantic partner before marriage
-INC in occurrence
*Religion playing less of a role
*DEC in marriages overall
-Test-run for partner
-Consistency Principal - Make a decision, stick to it

50
Q

Cohabitation Disadvantages

A

-Unconsciously knowing you can leave
-More likely to stay for convenience
-Doubt of marriage caused by cohabitation
-Role of having a child together
*Better benefits from staying not married

51
Q

Singleism

A

Stigma that theres something wrong w/ them
-Someone wants to date you = INC worth
-Stigma of: casual sex = fun!
*M rewarded, F DEC in value
*Societal pressure for M to date (gay if not!)

52
Q

Use of technology in relationships

A

-DEC intimacy
-Role of environment
-Burn out from unsuccessful relationships
*Learning theory

53
Q

What do M tend to find attractive in F?

A

-Physique
*Hip to breast ratio and fat distribution
*Signs of reproductive fitness

54
Q

What do F tend to find attractive in M?

A

-Physique
*Adams apple
*Shoulder hip ratio and fat distribution
*Signs of reproductive fitness
-Resources

55
Q

Homophily

A

Liking those of the same status
-In group
*Genetic similarities
-Learning
*Promotes our ego
*+ reinforcement, implicit egoism
-Varying types of “philys”
Racial
*White / white (DOM culture)
*Asians = INC chance of being w/ not same race
*Beats all over ‘philys
SEC

56
Q

Being attractive influencing your life

A

INC attraction = INC popularity = INC dates
-Only for F
*Femm theory
*Sexualization based on appearance
*Pretty privilege
*Valued b/c reproductive fitness (in exchange for resources?)

57
Q

Mere-Exposure Effect

A

INC time/exposure to someone = INC in attraction to them
*Opposite happens for those w/ aversive features

58
Q

Being attractive influencing life II

A

-INC benefits in HS and life in general
-Stereotype of beauty = good
-INC attention and mental health
-Starts EARLY

59
Q

Bio differences and attraction

A

F have more at risk when they reproduce
-Big investment
-F child rear, M just impregnate

60
Q

Different mating patterns

A

M are sexually promiscuous to spread genes, F are choosey to get best genes
-Traditional cultures, M valued for power (resources), F valued for beauty
-Egalitarian cultures, F have INC resources, M are NOW more valued for their beauty
-We like those who activate our positive self-views

61
Q

When to be vigilant for attractiveness? (Socio-bio theory)

A

-Younger = INC attraction = regular and reproductively healthy
-M&F INC chance of engaging in risky sex w/ those INC in attractiveness
-We like facial symmetry, ≠ reproductive fitness tho

62
Q

Other things we find attractive

A

-Influence of odor
*Objective
*Turn OFF if we don’t like
*Pheromones
*INC attractiveness = Seen to smell good
-Body type
*hip to waist ratio = 0.7 in W culture, 0.8 in not
-Breast size
*med > Lg > XL > small (British men)
-Muscularity
*Not too much (Seen as DOM, aggressive, volatile)
*Shoulder to hip ratio
*Effect of mating status

63
Q

Penis size and attraction

A

-No substantial differences in races
-No correlation w/ hands or feet
-Attractiveness doesn’t INC after 3in when flaccid
-Girth > length
*nerve endings in lower third of vagina
-Vagina expands to 5-6in aroused
*Average penis size is 5.2-5.3in
*M overstate in self reports
-Penis size is INC overall in M
*Evolution and hyper MASC
*Earlier puberty

Close Relationships and Human Sexuality (EPSY-305-200) (4 decks)

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