Unit 5 Flashcards
agribusiness
the production, processing, distribution, funding, and research of agricultural products and equipment
agriculture
deliberate tending of crops or livestock for food and fiber
aquaculture
breeding, raising, and harvesting aquatic animals and/or plants
bid-rent theory
the idea that land value determines the use of land
biotechnology
modified plants or animals used to increase the usefulness to humans
cash crop
a crop produced only for its commercial value (cotton, grains, etc.)
commercial agriculture
producing surplus food to sell
commodity chains
the complex networks that connects places of production with the distribution to consumers
crop rotation
rotating crops each year in order to maintain the soil
dairying
raising livestock such as goats and cows for dairy products
domestication
the process of taming and cultivating an animal for human use
double-cropping
harvesting two crops within a year
extensive agriculture
using large plots of cheap land for less intense agriculture
fallow
farmland that is left unplanted to restore the soil’s nutrients
feedlot
places where lots livestock are raised in small areas (factory farms)
GMOs
genetically modified plants used to make them more disease/drought/pest resistant, increase the yields, have a different taste etc.
horticulture
the art, science, technology, and business of agriculture
intensive agriculture
using small plots of expensive land more intensively
intertillage
cultivating in between the rows of crops
livestock ranching
cheap land used for grazing
long-lot
boundaries made by dividing the land into long strips for everyone to have equal water and soil
luxury crops
specialized crops not typically essential to human survival (coffee, tea, cacao, etc.)
market gardening
selling fruits, vegetables, and/or flowers directly to grocery stores, restaurants, etc.
more profits due to demand for fresh food
Mediterranean agriculture
raising crops such as grapes, olives, and nuts in places with mild, wet winters, and hot, dry summers. occurs in the Mediterranean, South Africa, California, and Australia
metes and bounds
boundaries made using lines between natural features
milkshed
the area around a city where milk can be supplied without spoiling
Neolithic Revolution
the first agricultural revolution that occurred 12,000-10,000 years ago, first planting of crops and domestication of animals
plantation agriculture
producing 1 or more cash crops on a large area of land (resulted from colonization, uses of neocolonization)
ranching
using cheap land for grazing in low population areas
shifting cultivation
leaving the land after the resources are depleted
slash and burn
clears land, then burns out the rest to add nutrients to the soil
subsistence agriculture
producing enough food to only feed the farmer’s family
sustainable agriculture
agriculture aimed at protecting the environment and creating gender equality while maximizing profits
the green revolution
- occurred in the 1950-1960s, which spread the use of biotechnology, pesticides, and fertilizers.
- most effective in Asia and Latin America
the von Thunen Model
a model that portrays what land would be used for based on the distance from the market, takes into account the perishability of the product and the ease of transportation
transhumance
moving hers to high elevations in the summer and low elevations in the winter
truck farming
using refrigerated trucks/transportation to transport crops from warmer areas to colder areas
vertical integration
when a corporation controls more than one stage of the commodity chain
monocropping
growing 1-2 crop types each year
monoculture
growing one species of crop within the same area
