Unit 5

Question 1

agribusiness

Answer 1

the production, processing, distribution, funding, and research of agricultural products and equipment

Question 2

agriculture

Answer 2

deliberate tending of crops or livestock for food and fiber

Question 3

aquaculture

Answer 3

breeding, raising, and harvesting aquatic animals and/or plants

Question 4

bid-rent theory

Answer 4

the idea that land value determines the use of land

Question 5

biotechnology

Answer 5

modified plants or animals used to increase the usefulness to humans

Question 6

cash crop

Answer 6

a crop produced only for its commercial value (cotton, grains, etc.)

Question 7

commercial agriculture

Answer 7

producing surplus food to sell

Question 8

commodity chains

Answer 8

the complex networks that connects places of production with the distribution to consumers

Question 9

crop rotation

Answer 9

rotating crops each year in order to maintain the soil

Question 10

dairying

Answer 10

raising livestock such as goats and cows for dairy products

Question 11

domestication

Answer 11

the process of taming and cultivating an animal for human use

Question 12

double-cropping

Answer 12

harvesting two crops within a year

Question 13

extensive agriculture

Answer 13

using large plots of cheap land for less intense agriculture

Question 14

fallow

Answer 14

farmland that is left unplanted to restore the soil’s nutrients

Question 15

feedlot

Answer 15

places where lots livestock are raised in small areas (factory farms)

Question 16

GMOs

Answer 16

genetically modified plants used to make them more disease/drought/pest resistant, increase the yields, have a different taste etc.

Question 17

horticulture

Answer 17

the art, science, technology, and business of agriculture

Question 18

intensive agriculture

Answer 18

using small plots of expensive land more intensively

Question 19

intertillage

Answer 19

cultivating in between the rows of crops

Question 20

livestock ranching

Answer 20

cheap land used for grazing

Question 21

long-lot

Answer 21

boundaries made by dividing the land into long strips for everyone to have equal water and soil

Question 22

luxury crops

Answer 22

specialized crops not typically essential to human survival (coffee, tea, cacao, etc.)

Question 23

market gardening

Answer 23

selling fruits, vegetables, and/or flowers directly to grocery stores, restaurants, etc.

more profits due to demand for fresh food

Question 24

Mediterranean agriculture

Answer 24

raising crops such as grapes, olives, and nuts in places with mild, wet winters, and hot, dry summers. occurs in the Mediterranean, South Africa, California, and Australia

Question 25

metes and bounds

Answer 25

boundaries made using lines between natural features

Question 26

milkshed

Answer 26

the area around a city where milk can be supplied without spoiling

Question 27

Neolithic Revolution

Answer 27

the first agricultural revolution that occurred 12,000-10,000 years ago, first planting of crops and domestication of animals

Question 28

plantation agriculture

Answer 28

producing 1 or more cash crops on a large area of land (resulted from colonization, uses of neocolonization)

Question 29

ranching

Answer 29

using cheap land for grazing in low population areas

Question 30

shifting cultivation

Answer 30

leaving the land after the resources are depleted

Question 31

slash and burn

Answer 31

clears land, then burns out the rest to add nutrients to the soil

Question 32

subsistence agriculture

Answer 32

producing enough food to only feed the farmer’s family

Question 33

sustainable agriculture

Answer 33

agriculture aimed at protecting the environment and creating gender equality while maximizing profits

Question 34

the green revolution

Answer 34

• occurred in the 1950-1960s, which spread the use of biotechnology, pesticides, and fertilizers.
• most effective in Asia and Latin America

Question 35

the von Thunen Model

Answer 35

a model that portrays what land would be used for based on the distance from the market, takes into account the perishability of the product and the ease of transportation

Question 36

transhumance

Answer 36

moving hers to high elevations in the summer and low elevations in the winter

Question 37

truck farming

Answer 37

using refrigerated trucks/transportation to transport crops from warmer areas to colder areas

Question 38

vertical integration

Answer 38

when a corporation controls more than one stage of the commodity chain

Question 39

monocropping

Answer 39

growing 1-2 crop types each year

Question 40

monoculture

Answer 40

growing one species of crop within the same area