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ap human > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

apartheid

A

a period of segregation in South African from 1948-1994

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2
Q

centripetal force

A

something that brings a group of people together (ex: shared traits, common enemy, etc.)

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3
Q

centrifugal force

A

a trait that divides people (ex: different culture)

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4
Q

ethnic cleansing

A

the government using expulsion, prison, or genocide to eliminate a certain ethnic group (ex: the Holocaust)

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5
Q

ghetto

A

a lesser developed area of a city in where people of an ethnic minority are confined to

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6
Q

balkanization

A

The fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile, political units

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7
Q

civic nationalism

A

a non-xenophobic form of nationalism compatible with values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights

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8
Q

multi-ethnic state

A

a state with more than one ethnicity

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9
Q

multinational state

A

a state that contains multiple nations within it’s borders (ex: United States)

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10
Q

nationalism

A

a loyalty to a nationality or state

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11
Q

nation-state

A

a nation that has the same borders as it’s state (ex: Japan, Iceland)

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12
Q

part nation state

A

multiple nation-states of the same nation (ex: Arabia)

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13
Q

race

A

group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, blood types, genetic code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics

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14
Q

self-determination

A

the idea that a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and governments

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15
Q

african union (AU)

A

an organization of African states that aims to encourage economic development and political stability through increased cooperation between its members

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16
Q

ASEAN

A

An organization of countries in southeast Asia set up to promote cultural, economic and political development in the region

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17
Q

autonomous region

A

a region within a state that has its own power independent from its state

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18
Q

balance of power

A

condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries

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19
Q

Berlin Confrence

A

a meeting where Europe drew over existing boundaries in Africa for their own benefit

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20
Q

city-state

A

A small sovereign state that is made up of a town or city and the surrounding area (ex: Singapore)

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21
Q

civil divisions

A

Governmental divisions that divide citizens

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22
Q

compact state

A

a state with relatively equal distances from their center to any boundary, similar to a circle

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23
Q

confederation

A

a system of government in which sovereign states delegate power to a central government for specific purposes

24
Q

democratization

A

the spread of representative government to more countries and the process of making governments more representative

25
Q

devolution

A

an agreement to a transfer of power from the state to regions within the state

26
Q

elongated state

A

A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape

27
Q

EEZ

A

sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources

28
Q

enclave

A

a territory that is surrounded by the territory of another state

29
Q

exclace

A

part of a state that is geographically separated from the main part of the state

30
Q

European Union

A

a political and economic organization between most European states

31
Q

fragmented state

A

a state whose territory is physically divided into several distinct segments (ex: Philippines, Indonesia, or other island states)

32
Q

forward capitols

A

a change of a capital city for strategic reasons

33
Q

federalism

A

a system of government where power is shared between the central and regional government

34
Q

frontier

A

an indistinct boundary that is an area of land rather than specific lines

35
Q

high seas

A

the area of the sea beyond the national jurisdiction of any state

36
Q

gerrymandering

A

the process wherein political officials redraw electoral districts to favor a certain political party, ethnic group, coalition, or social class

37
Q

irredentism

A

a state wants to claim a territory due to a shared culture (ex: Russian and Ukraine)

38
Q

landlocked state

A

a state that is surrounded by other states and has no access to the ocean

39
Q

microstate

A

state that encompasses a very small land (ex: Monaco)

40
Q

multi-state nation

A

a nation that is spread across multiple states (ex: the Kurds)

41
Q

NAFTA

A

a trade agreement with North American states

42
Q

NATO

A

a political alliance between many North American and European states

43
Q

perforated state

A

a state that completely surrounds another state

44
Q

prorupted state

A

a compact state has a portion of its boundary extending outward exceedingly more than the other portions of the boundary

45
Q

sovereignty

A

the right + ability of a government to control what happens within its territory

46
Q

Soviet Union

A

a communist nation, consisting of Russia and 14 other states, that existed from 1922 to 1991

47
Q

stateless nation

A

a nation that does not have its own state (ex: the Kurds)

48
Q

territorial waters

A

the area of sea around a country’s coast recognized as being under that country’s jurisdiction

49
Q

terrorism

A

the unlawful use of force or violence against individuals or property to coerce or intimidate governments or societies to achieve political, religious, or ideological goals (ex: 9/11, January 6 attacks, etc.)

50
Q

unitary state

A

a type of government where the central government makes the laws

51
Q

supranational organization

A

an organization of 3+ states that work towards a common goal

52
Q

UNCLOS

A

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorized territorial waters to extend 12 nautical miles from shore and a country’s EEZ to extend 200 nautical miles.

53
Q

United Nations

A

a supranational organization used to promote world peace

54
Q

defining

A

explicitly and legally stating boundaries

55
Q

delimit

A

drawing boundaries on a map according to the legal agreement

56
Q

demarcated

A

when boundaries are defined physically (walls, fences, etc)

ap human (7 decks)

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