Unit 4 Flashcards
apartheid
a period of segregation in South African from 1948-1994
centripetal force
something that brings a group of people together (ex: shared traits, common enemy, etc.)
centrifugal force
a trait that divides people (ex: different culture)
ethnic cleansing
the government using expulsion, prison, or genocide to eliminate a certain ethnic group (ex: the Holocaust)
ghetto
a lesser developed area of a city in where people of an ethnic minority are confined to
balkanization
The fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile, political units
civic nationalism
a non-xenophobic form of nationalism compatible with values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights
multi-ethnic state
a state with more than one ethnicity
multinational state
a state that contains multiple nations within it’s borders (ex: United States)
nationalism
a loyalty to a nationality or state
nation-state
a nation that has the same borders as it’s state (ex: Japan, Iceland)
part nation state
multiple nation-states of the same nation (ex: Arabia)
race
group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, blood types, genetic code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics
self-determination
the idea that a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and governments
african union (AU)
an organization of African states that aims to encourage economic development and political stability through increased cooperation between its members
ASEAN
An organization of countries in southeast Asia set up to promote cultural, economic and political development in the region
autonomous region
a region within a state that has its own power independent from its state
balance of power
condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries
Berlin Confrence
a meeting where Europe drew over existing boundaries in Africa for their own benefit
city-state
A small sovereign state that is made up of a town or city and the surrounding area (ex: Singapore)
civil divisions
Governmental divisions that divide citizens
compact state
a state with relatively equal distances from their center to any boundary, similar to a circle
confederation
a system of government in which sovereign states delegate power to a central government for specific purposes
democratization
the spread of representative government to more countries and the process of making governments more representative
devolution
an agreement to a transfer of power from the state to regions within the state
elongated state
A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape
EEZ
sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources
enclave
a territory that is surrounded by the territory of another state
exclace
part of a state that is geographically separated from the main part of the state
European Union
a political and economic organization between most European states
fragmented state
a state whose territory is physically divided into several distinct segments (ex: Philippines, Indonesia, or other island states)
forward capitols
a change of a capital city for strategic reasons
federalism
a system of government where power is shared between the central and regional government
frontier
an indistinct boundary that is an area of land rather than specific lines
high seas
the area of the sea beyond the national jurisdiction of any state
gerrymandering
the process wherein political officials redraw electoral districts to favor a certain political party, ethnic group, coalition, or social class
irredentism
a state wants to claim a territory due to a shared culture (ex: Russian and Ukraine)
landlocked state
a state that is surrounded by other states and has no access to the ocean
microstate
state that encompasses a very small land (ex: Monaco)
multi-state nation
a nation that is spread across multiple states (ex: the Kurds)
NAFTA
a trade agreement with North American states
NATO
a political alliance between many North American and European states
perforated state
a state that completely surrounds another state
prorupted state
a compact state has a portion of its boundary extending outward exceedingly more than the other portions of the boundary
sovereignty
the right + ability of a government to control what happens within its territory
Soviet Union
a communist nation, consisting of Russia and 14 other states, that existed from 1922 to 1991
stateless nation
a nation that does not have its own state (ex: the Kurds)
territorial waters
the area of sea around a country’s coast recognized as being under that country’s jurisdiction
terrorism
the unlawful use of force or violence against individuals or property to coerce or intimidate governments or societies to achieve political, religious, or ideological goals (ex: 9/11, January 6 attacks, etc.)
unitary state
a type of government where the central government makes the laws
supranational organization
an organization of 3+ states that work towards a common goal
UNCLOS
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorized territorial waters to extend 12 nautical miles from shore and a country’s EEZ to extend 200 nautical miles.
United Nations
a supranational organization used to promote world peace
defining
explicitly and legally stating boundaries
delimit
drawing boundaries on a map according to the legal agreement
demarcated
when boundaries are defined physically (walls, fences, etc)
