Unit 5 Flashcards
branch of science concerned with classification
taxonomy
the evolutionary history of a species or group of species
phylogeny
a discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships
systematics
who invented binomial nomenclature
carolus linnaeus (Karol von Linne)
how is the binomial nomenclature set up
- Genus
- specific epithet (species)
order of the Linnean system
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
a lineage that diverges from all other members of its group early in the history of the group
basal taxonomy
a type of systematics where common ancestry is the primary criterion used to classify organisms
cladistics
a group that consists of an ancestral species and all of its descendants (single tribe)
monophyletic group
a group that consists of an ancestral species and some but not all of its descendants (beside the tribe)
paraphyletic group
a group that includes distantly related species but does not include their most recent common ancestor (many tribes)
polyphyletic group
phenotypic and genetic similarities due to a common ancestor
synapomorphy/homology
what is used to create phylogenetic trees
shared characteristics
describe molecular homologies
DNA sequences of species are compared, closely related species will have sequences that only differ at one or a few sites
what do DNA sequences of distantly related species look like?
the sequences differ at many sites due to deletion and insertion mutations that accumulate over time
