Extra Study CH. 23 (The evolution of populations) Flashcards

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1
Q

What mechanisms can cause the evolution of populations?

A

Natural selection, genetic drift and gene flow

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2
Q

differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA sequences

A

genetic variation

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3
Q

sources of genetic variation

A

formation of new alleles (mutations), altering gene number or position, rapid reproduction and sexual reproduction

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4
Q

differences in DNA sequence that do not confer a selective advantage or disadvantage

A

neutral variation

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5
Q

a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed to produce fertile offspring

A

population

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6
Q

traits that enhance survival or reproduction tend to increase in frequency over time

A

adaptive evolution

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7
Q

effects of genetic drift

A

-significant in small populations
-causes allele frequencies to change at random
-can lead to a loss of genetic variation within populations
-can cause harmful alleles to become fixed

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8
Q

the transfer of alleles in or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals and their gametes

A

gene flow

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