Unit 5 Flashcards
a document that specifies a contingent relationship between the completion of a specified bx and access to a specific reward
contingency contract
target bx to always include in a token economy system should be ones we want to
accelerate
What is needed in a token economy?
back-up reinforcers medium of exchange data collection system field testing/training sampling/coaching participants
NOT fines
What are ways to phase out a token economy?
1 - pair tokens with praise
2- gradually increase earning criteria
3 - gradually increase cost of items
4 - switch to natural back up reinforcers
5 - fade out physical tokens (ex: switch to point system)
6 - reduce amount of time in effect
7 - use self-monitoring and level system
What is NOT needed when using conditioning and discrete trials procedures to train naive learners?
verbal instructions
unlike a token economy, a level system uses
delayed contingencies
level systems may best be used with persons who
emit bx that may be rule-governed
which type of group contingency is also called the hero procedure?
dependent
which type of group contingency requires that all must meet criteria for all to earn reward?
interdependent
which type of group contingency requires that only one must meet criteria for all to earn reward?
dependent
which type of group contingency requires that each person earns for themselves?
independent
what is involved in self-management?
self-monitoring
What are strategies for self-management?
identifying target bx
graphing one’s own data
self-monitoring
Sue learns to greet her dad when she sees him. Sue also greets other persons when she sees them. This is an example of:
stimulus generalization
Mom praises her son’s dishwashing behavior, resulting in an increase in dishwashing behavior. This also leads to an increase in his vacuuming behavior, despite the fact that Mom never praised vacuuming. This is an example of:
response generalization
One year after ABA services were discontinued, Jane still is exercising every day. This is an example of:
maintenance
Bob received ABA services to increase his productivity. Sue, his sister, also increased her productivity even though the BCBA did not work with her. This is an example of:
generalization across participants
What are generalization programming tactics?
train loosely
train multiple exemplars
use indiscriminable contingencies
introduce to natural reinforcement contingencies
program common stimuli
mediate generalization by establishing a response as part of the new learning that is likely to be used with other problems as well
reinforce generalization and use instruction to facilitate generalization
what is the first step to take in a bx analytic approach to staff management?
define staff responsibilities
what is the second step to take in a bx analytic approach to staff management?
collect baseline data
if performance is not adequate, what must one do first?
determine is it is a skill deficit or a performance problem
training is…
usually necessary buy hardly ever sufficient
What is the first step to take in a behavior analytic approach to staff training?
set training objectives
What is the second step to take in a behavior analytic approach to staff training?
collect baseline data
Which is the best type of training to do?
either classroom-based training or in-situ training, or both depending of the situation
When evaluating the effectiveness of training, one should use:
Same types of measures as the ones used to collect baseline
Which tool would be best to monitor staff performance who are implementing a behavior change procedure?
performance checklist
what is the most common and practical way to manage staff performance?
feedback
The methods used for securing the support of others so that ABA services can be provided are:
similar to ABA procedures
Independent group contingencies
same contingency is in effect for every member of the group on an individual basis.
each member who performs at or above performance criteria receives the reward – those who do not meet the criteria do not earn the reward
dependent group contingency
an individual performs the target bx at or above criteria, then the reward is provided to the whole group.
AKA hero procedure
dependent group contingency
interdependent group contingency
All members of the group must meet the performance criteria before any member earns the reward.
reinforcer sampling =
token training
when should tokens be delivered?
immediately following target bx
bx change system involving the selection of target bxs to be reinforced, a medium of exchange is selected and back-up reinforcers are chosen
token economy
involves the arrangement and implementation of bx change procedures that include bx of the person whose bx is targeted for change that are likely to abate unwanted bx and evoke desired bx.
self-management strategies
a performance of a target bx is improved in environments (setting, persons, other physical stimuli) different than the original training (same topography)
stimulus generality
the extent to which the learner performs a variety of functional responses in addition to the trained response. (different topography)
response generality
general case
planned training of sufficient exemplars in order to facilitate generalization
using stimuli in training which are found in the natural setting (e.g., peers)
programing common stimuli
vary as many of the non-critical dimensions of the antecedent stimuli as possible during training (e.g., show me—, touch—, point to —-)
train loosely
transfer of control from the trainer to stable natural contingencies
introduce to natural reinforcement contingencies
train in multiple settings, use multiple trainers and train with multiple stimuli
train sufficient exemplars
looking at multiple stimulus and use of multiple stimulus in training
general case analysis and programming
using variable reinforcement schedules, delay reinforcement and hide
using indiscriminable contingencies
why use proficiency checklists?
to monitor staff performance, collect data and to share feedback with staff.
