Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Jose checks his P.O. Box. Once in a while, when Jose checks his P.O. Box, there is a check inside. This could best be described as:

A

Variable Interval (VI)

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2
Q

Jay gets a cookie every hour on the hour:

A

time schedule

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3
Q

Which type of schedule produces uneven responding?

A

Fixed

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4
Q

Which type of schedule produces higher rates of responding?

A

Ratio

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5
Q

Which schedule produces very high and steady responding?

A

Variable Ratio (VR)

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6
Q

Which schedule produces a scalloped pattern of responding?

A

Variable Interval (VI)

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7
Q

Which schedule produces high rates of responding but in a pause and burst pattern?

A

Fixed Ratio (FR)

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8
Q

Which of the following is an example of a time-based schedule?

A

Giving a child a candy bar every 48 hours

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9
Q

When setting criteria for reinforcement using DRH, the criteria is set between baseline rate and:

A

The highest rate during baseline

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10
Q

Jack frequented two bars. He would ask women to dance at both bars, and experienced similar rates of reinforcement at both bars. At one bar, women began dancing with Jack at higher rates than at the other bar. Jack’s rate of asking women to dance increased at the one bar, and decreased at the other bar. This is an example of:

A

Behavioral Contrast

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11
Q

If Chris approaches staff with his hands at his sides, the staff would say “Good hands down Chris, what do you want?” Then, Chris would sign for keys and the staff would hand over the keys. What type of schedule is this?

A

Chained

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12
Q

If Danica sat appropriately during task time and completed the task, staff would say, “Good job Danica, it’s break time!!” But she would only have a break if she then also signed “break.” During the break, Danica had to be free of aggressive behavior against others. If she was free of aggressive behavior against others, staff would give Danica candy. But when staff gave her candy, they would ask “Danica, what else do you want?” If Danica taps her head, then staff moves away from Danica.

A

Chained

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13
Q

Dennis’ mother would not give him cookies if he asked for a cookie, but she would give him cookie if he whined.This is an example of:

A

Differential Reinforcement

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14
Q

Chris has learned to approach staff with his hands down instead of his hands up through the process of differential reinforcement. This is:

A

Differentiation

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15
Q

Jose taught Juan how to turn on the water in a sink. Initially, Jose took Juan’s hand and guided it to right on top of the faucet and turned the water on. This was repeated a number of times. Then Jose noticed that Juan was moving his hand to the faucet independently but not pressing down, so Jose guided Juan to press down.This is an example of:

A

Graduated guidance

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16
Q

Jose was teaching Gwen to sign for candy. Initially, Jose would say, “Gwen, what do you want? Sign candy!” and then Jose would sign candy, and guide Gwen to sign candy. After repeating this a number of time, Jose stopped fully guiding Gwen’s hand and waited for her to sign independently. If she signed for candy, Jose gave her candy. If she did not sign for candy, Jose guided her hand to sign candy.This is an example of:

A

both Most-to-least prompt fading and Least-to-most prompt fading

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17
Q

Staff was teaching Randy how to tie his shoes. The only thing that Randy could do was to put his feet inside his shoes. What type of chaining should be used?

A

Backward

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18
Q

Discrimination training consists of presenting two different:

A

Antecedent stimuli

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19
Q

behavior chain

A

complex bx consisting of 2 or more responses in order

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20
Q

parts of chain

A

links

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21
Q

parameters of reinforcement

A

magnitude, duration, quantity

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22
Q

schedule of reinforcement

A

rule that specifies which response will be followed by reinforcement and which will not

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23
Q

CRF

A

each and every single response emitted is reinforced

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24
Q

Ext

A

schedule of non-reinforcement, no bx is ever reinforced

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25
CRF
used to established or strengthen bx
26
intermittent reinforcement
used to maintained bx
27
ratio schedule
reinforcement delivered after certain # of responses
28
interval schedule
reinforcement delivered for the first response after a certain amount of time since last reinforcement
29
fixed schedule
#responses or Amt of time remains the same
30
variable schedule
amt of time or # of response is random but centers around a value
31
limited hold
restriction placed on an interval schedule requiring response to occur in time limit
32
limited hold results in
some increase in rate no change in pattern
33
fixed schedules result in
unsteady responding
34
variable schedules result in
steady responding
35
fixed schedules result in
responding occurs in pause and burst pattern
36
ratio schedules
produce higher rates of responding
37
FR
all or none schedule
38
VR
steady and high rates of responding
39
ratio strain
if schedule thinned too quickly
40
FI scallop
produce by FI schedule, pause in responding immediately after reinforcement
41
VI
steady, low to moderate rates of responding
42
fixed time
reinforcement delivered after amount of time with no contingency
43
time based schedules
non-contingent stimulus presentation
44
DRH
require minimum # responses in time period
45
DRH criteria
set b/t average baseline and highest rate during baseline
46
DRH IRT
adds contingency, governs times b/t responses ex: double clicking mouse.
47
behavioral contrast
bx that is maintained in 2 or more contexts, when conditioned introduced in one context affects the behavior in other contexts affects the behavior in the other context without intervention
48
task analysis
broken down into component behaviors or teachable units, based on the needs of the learner
49
concurrent schedules
two or more alternation schedules, each associated with a different stimulus
50
multiple schedules
consists of two or more alternating schedules, each associated with a different stimulus
51
mixed schedules
the same as a multiple schedule except that there are no different stimuli associated with each component schedule
52
chained schedules
responses are linked together in a chain. conditioned reinforcer is produced after response requirements are met for that component schedule in the chain
53
differential reinforcement
consists of reinforcement and extinction reinforce some responses and not others (others put on extinction)
54
shaping
involves differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target behavior that you want to see
55
prompts
antecedent stimuli used to evoke a correct response in the presence of an EO or SD
56
response prompt
operate directly on the response
57
verbal response prompt
written or oral statement -- asking someone to do something
58
gestural response prompt
pointing or looking toward something
59
modeling
do exactly what you want them to do
60
tactual or physical
touching a body part
61
physical or manual guidance
hand over hand
62
stimulus prompt
operate directly on the antecedent task stimuli to cue a correct response in conjunction with the critical SD
63
position cue
place something in a certain place so someone sees it
64
movement cue
move item closer so the person will see it
65
fading
a technique to gradually transfer stimulus control from prompts to naturally occurring EOs and/or SDs
66
most to least
start with highest prompt and fade
67
least to most
start with least prompt and increase if the person does not do what they are supposed to
68
time delay
wait before giving a prompt to see if they will do the behavior on their own
69
graduated guidance
involves hand-over-hand assistance and the combined use of physical prompting and fading
70
stimulus fading
highlighting a physical dimension of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a correct response
71
chaining
a procedure which may be used to teach a task analysis
72
backwards chaining
start with the last step then individual cannot do; reinforce at the end of the chain
73
forward chaining
start with the first step they cannot do and reinforce after that step
74
total task chaining
teach all steps and prompt
75
discrete trial instruction
teaching format comprised of: an antecedent stimulus, response by learner, and a teacher provided consequence.
76
discrimination training
present at least two different antecedent stimuli and reinforce occurrence of bx in presence of SD/Do not reinforce responses emitted in presence of Sdelta
77
simultaneous discrimination training
both the SD and the Sdelta stimulus conditions are presented at the same time
78
successive discrimination training
only one antecedent (SD or Sdelta) is presentd to the learner in a given trial
79
stimulus control
behavior that occurs more often in the presence of one stimulus condition (SD) than it does in the presence of another stimulus condition (Sdelta)
80
incidental teaching
naturalistic teaching, instructional trials which are initiated responses to naturally occurring activities and materials/end with delivery of naturally occurring consequences as reinforcement
81
the effectiveness of shaping may be increased by combining shaping with...
prompting