Unit 3 Flashcards
During extinction, the reinforcer is withheld following behaviors which have been previously maintained by
positive reinforcement
saying just socially-medicated is too narrow
The criterion for reinforcement for a DRL is set just slightly ______ the average baseline rate.
below
In a DRL-T, the criterion for reinforcement is set at a time _____ the average IRT.
above
competing reinforcers
the value of a reinforcer depends on competing reinforcers that are available for the same behavior and for competing reinforcers
operant extinction
the process by which a previously reinforced behavior is weakened by with holding reinforcement
extinction burst
when a bx is no longer reinforced, it will temporarily increase in frequency, duration, and intensity before it decreases.
extinction of bx maintained by positive reinforcement
the reinforcer is withheld (not presented)
extinction of bx maintained through negative reinforcement
the aversive antecedent stimulus is NOT withdrawn (not terminated or removed)
sensory extinction
masking the sensory consequences of the bx (padding the table for head banging)
extinction
the procedure of non-reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior
spontaneous recovery
the process in which, when an operant bx has ceased following extinction, the bx may reoccur at a later time in the same circumstances in which it was previously reinforced.
differential reinforcement
consists of two operations:
reinforcement
extinction (not reinforcing)
differential reinforcement
reinforce some responses and not reinforcing other responses. leads to differentiation.
differentiation
if differential reinforcement consists of reinforcing a response when certain stimuli are present and not reinforcing the same when those stimuli are not present; differential reinforcement leads to differentiation – R-S contingency (different responses)
discrimination
S-R-S contingency that leads to discrimination (different stimuli)
DRO
reinforcement is delivered when a specific amount of time has elapsed in which the specified bx does NOT occur.
DRO-P/Progressive DRO
every time criteria is met – bigger reinforcer
Momentary DRO
only at the end of the interval if the target bx is not occurring – reinforcement occurs
DRA
reinforcement delivered when ever a response occurs that may compete with the target bx
DRI
schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is delivered when a response occurs that is physically incompatible (cannot occur concurrently) with the target bx
I have a client who engages in disruptive behavior because, in the past, staff have given him attention in the form of verbal reprimands and redirection. An extinction procedure would involve:
Ignoring disruptive behavior when it occurs.
A young woman bites her hand because, in the past, staff have ceased asking her to comply with requests to complete chores or daily hygiene routines. An extinction procedure would involve:
Continuing with requests until she completes the requested task
A young woman bites her hand because, in the past, staff have ceased asking her to comply with requests to complete chores or daily hygiene routines. A concern with using extinction in this case might be:
extinction burst
Sage complains that his homework is difficult. I yell at him and tell him to stop complaining and finish his homework. Now his rate of complaining has increased. This is an example of:
positive reinforcement
Sage complains that his homework is difficult. I yell at him and tell him to stop complaining and finish his homework. Now he never complains about his homework. This is an example of:
Punishment - Positive Punishment!
Sage complains that his homework is difficult. I used to yell at him about it, which seemed to increase his complaining, so now when he does it, I continue working at my desk, preparing poll questions for review, and do not attend to him. Now he never complains about his homework. This is an example of:
operant extinction
Sage complains that his homework is difficult. His dad comes over and begins doing problems for him (thus, he doesn’t have to do them). His rate of complaining about his homework increases as a result. This is an example of:
negative reinforcement
After observing this effect, I suggest a new strategy. When Sage complains about his homework, his dad goes over and insists that he does the next problem while he watches him. His complaining increases immediately, escalating into a tantrum; he yells and cries while he continues to prompt him to do the next problem. After a while, though, his rate of complaining decreases. This procedure was based on the principle of:
A.Operant Extinction: Escape extinction
The tantrum that Sage threw when we started this procedure is referred to as:
C.Extinction Burst
After a few weeks of doing his homework without any problems, Sage complains about his homework, crying and moaning and claiming “he can’t do it”. This may be due to:
spontaneous recovery
