Unit 3

Question 1

During extinction, the reinforcer is withheld following behaviors which have been previously maintained by

Answer 1

positive reinforcement

saying just socially-medicated is too narrow

Question 2

The criterion for reinforcement for a DRL is set just slightly ______ the average baseline rate.

Answer 2

below

Question 3

In a DRL-T, the criterion for reinforcement is set at a time _____ the average IRT.

Answer 3

above

Question 4

competing reinforcers

Answer 4

the value of a reinforcer depends on competing reinforcers that are available for the same behavior and for competing reinforcers

Question 5

operant extinction

Answer 5

the process by which a previously reinforced behavior is weakened by with holding reinforcement

Question 6

extinction burst

Answer 6

when a bx is no longer reinforced, it will temporarily increase in frequency, duration, and intensity before it decreases.

Question 7

extinction of bx maintained by positive reinforcement

Answer 7

the reinforcer is withheld (not presented)

Question 8

extinction of bx maintained through negative reinforcement

Answer 8

the aversive antecedent stimulus is NOT withdrawn (not terminated or removed)

Question 9

sensory extinction

Answer 9

masking the sensory consequences of the bx (padding the table for head banging)

Question 10

extinction

Answer 10

the procedure of non-reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior

Question 11

spontaneous recovery

Answer 11

the process in which, when an operant bx has ceased following extinction, the bx may reoccur at a later time in the same circumstances in which it was previously reinforced.

Question 12

differential reinforcement

Answer 12

consists of two operations:
reinforcement
extinction (not reinforcing)

Question 13

differential reinforcement

Answer 13

reinforce some responses and not reinforcing other responses. leads to differentiation.

Question 14

differentiation

Answer 14

if differential reinforcement consists of reinforcing a response when certain stimuli are present and not reinforcing the same when those stimuli are not present; differential reinforcement leads to differentiation – R-S contingency (different responses)

Question 15

discrimination

Answer 15

S-R-S contingency that leads to discrimination (different stimuli)

Question 16

DRO

Answer 16

reinforcement is delivered when a specific amount of time has elapsed in which the specified bx does NOT occur.

Question 17

DRO-P/Progressive DRO

Answer 17

every time criteria is met – bigger reinforcer

Question 18

Momentary DRO

Answer 18

only at the end of the interval if the target bx is not occurring – reinforcement occurs

Question 19

DRA

Answer 19

reinforcement delivered when ever a response occurs that may compete with the target bx

Question 20

DRI

Answer 20

schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is delivered when a response occurs that is physically incompatible (cannot occur concurrently) with the target bx

Question 21

I have a client who engages in disruptive behavior because, in the past, staff have given him attention in the form of verbal reprimands and redirection. An extinction procedure would involve:

Answer 21

Ignoring disruptive behavior when it occurs.

Question 22

A young woman bites her hand because, in the past, staff have ceased asking her to comply with requests to complete chores or daily hygiene routines. An extinction procedure would involve:

Answer 22

Continuing with requests until she completes the requested task

Question 23

A young woman bites her hand because, in the past, staff have ceased asking her to comply with requests to complete chores or daily hygiene routines. A concern with using extinction in this case might be:

Answer 23

extinction burst

Question 24

Sage complains that his homework is difficult. I yell at him and tell him to stop complaining and finish his homework. Now his rate of complaining has increased. This is an example of:

Answer 24

positive reinforcement

Question 25

Sage complains that his homework is difficult. I yell at him and tell him to stop complaining and finish his homework. Now he never complains about his homework. This is an example of:

Answer 25

Punishment - Positive Punishment!

Question 26

Sage complains that his homework is difficult. I used to yell at him about it, which seemed to increase his complaining, so now when he does it, I continue working at my desk, preparing poll questions for review, and do not attend to him. Now he never complains about his homework. This is an example of:

Answer 26

operant extinction

Question 27

Sage complains that his homework is difficult. His dad comes over and begins doing problems for him (thus, he doesn’t have to do them). His rate of complaining about his homework increases as a result. This is an example of:

Answer 27

negative reinforcement

Question 28

After observing this effect, I suggest a new strategy. When Sage complains about his homework, his dad goes over and insists that he does the next problem while he watches him. His complaining increases immediately, escalating into a tantrum; he yells and cries while he continues to prompt him to do the next problem. After a while, though, his rate of complaining decreases. This procedure was based on the principle of:

Answer 28

A.Operant Extinction: Escape extinction

Question 29

The tantrum that Sage threw when we started this procedure is referred to as:

Answer 29

C.Extinction Burst

Question 30

After a few weeks of doing his homework without any problems, Sage complains about his homework, crying and moaning and claiming “he can’t do it”. This may be due to:

Answer 30

spontaneous recovery