Unit 5 Flashcards
Using Extinction and Punishment: Cautionary Notes
- Extinction & punishment are reductive procedures (consequence-based manipulations used to reduce bx); these should not be used in isolation
- Other interventions should be tried b4 using punishment
- Safety must be a priority
Focus of ABA Interventions
- When writing behavioral programs targeting Bx excesses, Use:
- Antecedent interventions to avoid/ abate prob Bx
- Reinforcement procedures for appropriate alternatives
Fair Pair Rule
- When a response is targeted for reduction, 1 or more replacement responses must be targeted for acquisition
- Can’t just target bx for reduction
- Must also teach something to replace/ displace prob bx
Safety Plans
- Steps to reduce risks to the individual & the Env around them during assessment
- Typically, environmental modifications
- Designed during the functional assessing process
Extinction
- The discontinuation of reinforcement for a previously reinforced response which results in a decrease in a dimension of that behavior
- Requires a reinforcement history
Extinction is NOT
- Any decrease in responding regardless of the procedure used
- Decrease in responding due to:
- Lack of opportunity to emit the response
- The passage of time
- Satiation
Which best describes operant extinction?
-A response no longer results in the reinforcement it previously produced; as a result the response occurs less often
Extinction as a Behavioral Process
A decline in the rate of Bx as a result of the discontinuation os a previously reinforcing consequence
Extinction as a procedure
Discontinuation of a reinforcement for a previously reinforced response
What is the mechanism underlying the effectiveness of extinction?
-Discontinuation the contingency btw Bx and consequence
The contingency broken during extinction is one between:
A response & the reinforcing consequence
Implementing extinction as a procedure is dependent upon identifying the maintaining consequence of the response.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Extinction for behavior maintained by positive reinforcement involves withholding the:
-Appetitive stimulus
What would extinction for a behavior maintained by positive reinforcement involve?
Withholding a preferred item contingent on inappropriate bx
Extinction for a behavior maintained by negative reinforcement involves keeping an aversive stimulus present even after a response occurs.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Extinction Procedure Vs. Process
Procedure: How we do it
- Depends on the function of the Bx
- Process: What happens to bx as a result of a new contingency
- Reduction in the response rate
More Non-e.g. of Extinction
- Staff block Kyle from punching his head; punching head decreases
- Susie in the Posey mitts; stops picking her scabs
- Remember: Behavior must be able to occur & not contact Rx for contingency to break & extinction to occur
A teacher continues to present a worksheet following an instance of spitting that has resulted in escape from the worksheet in the past. Spitting then decreases. What is this?
-Extinction for SR-
The BCBA will remove a toy any time that her client engages in aggression that has resulted in access to the toy in the past. Aggression then decreases. What is this?
-An Sp- contingency
Oda will engage in tantrums to escape difficult task demands. Her teacher only presents easy tasks. Tantrums then decrease. What is this?
-An AO for Sr-
A contingency can only be said to be broken through extinction if the individual is ______ to engage in the response and the reinforcing consequence ______ follow.
-Able; Does Not
Learning to Implement Extinction:
A Warning
*The steps or procedures being described do NOT constitute prescription of treatment
Before Implementing Extinction
- Must conduct a thorough functional assessment
- Must ensure the Environment will support the intervention
A Note on Differential Reinforcement
- Don’t forget about the Fair Pair Rule
- Since intermittent reinforcement is likely, better make sure we are teaching an appropriate response