Unit 4 Flashcards
Concurrent Schedule (Conc)
-2 or more schedules of reinforcement operate simultaneously but independently of one another, each for a different response
Critical Attributes of Concurrent Schedules
-2 or more reinforcement contingencies
-Contingencies operate independently
-Contingencies operate simultaneously
-One or more different response topographies for each contingency
E.g. Homework Vs. Video games,
-Screaming Vs. asking nicely
Origin of the Matching Law
- Hernstein (1961): Described the distribution of bx on concurrent schedules of positive Rx
- Pierce & Cheney (2017): “Pigeons matched relative rates of bx to relative rates of Rx”
Matching Law
- States that the distribution of responding on concurrent schedules is equal to the relative rate of reinforcement for each response
- Relative rates of responding in a concurrent schedule match the relative rates of Rx
- Concurrent schedules - choice
Matching Law and Bias
Sources of Bias:
- Indiscriminability
- Magnitude of Rx
- Quality
- Delay
- Response effort
- “External” consequences
In terms of the matching law, the maximum number of response types involved is two.
a. True
b. False
b. False
Which statement best describes the relationship between the matching law and concurrent schedules of reinforcement?
Matching law describes how the bx is distributed in concurrent schedules
Cnncurrent FI Schedules
Can result in regular patterns of switching btw responses
Concurrent Ratio Schedules (Con..t)
- Include FR and VR
- Often results in “exclusive” responding under the denser schedule
- Not commonly used in research
Concurrent VI Schedules (Con..t)
- Produces more irregular switching btw responses
- Good schedules for assessing choice
- VI schedules are common in the real world
What pattern of responding produces the most reinforcement in interval schedules?
-Alternating responses to the proportion of reinforcement available
Which reinforcement schedule types typically produce exclusive responding under concurrent schedule arrangements?
-FR-FR
How will a graphed line look when matching is close to “perfect”?
-Close to a slope of 1.0
Clinical Relevance of the Matching Law
- Every program, every plan, every assessment you will ever use with a client involves concurrent schedules
- Understanding the matching law allows you to better understand your client’s bx
Relevance to Treating Problem Behavior
-Even if prob bx is reinforced
…..The greater the difference in proportion of reinforcement for prob bx Vs. Rx for replacement bx, the greater the differences in rate btw the two
Extinction is Not Always Possible or Practical
- Social validity concerns
- Dangerous extinction bursts
- Physical management not possible
Every procedure that is used involves the use of ______ schedules.
-Concurrent
If extinction is not a viable option, which statement best describes the most important environmental change needed to produce behavior change?
-Maximum proportion of difference btw reinforcement for appropriate bx Vs. reinforcement for problem bx
Matching Law and Problem Bx before Treatment E.g.
-Ask appropriately for Ipad
-Asked 6 times
Got the Ipad 2 times
-Scream and hit for ipad
screamed 12 times
-Got the ipad 8 times
Which of the following describes the use of a concurrent schedule for treatment?
-Kamil identifies that yelling is maintained by access to a tablet & arranges for access after an average of 2 responses when he points & access after an avg of 8 responses after yelling
Jeremiah often asks for help with his math homework, but his caregivers say, “You have to try on your own.” Jeremiah often cries after working for 15 minutes. This usually results in immediate help from caregivers. In which case is the BCBA® using appropriate schedules, without the use of extinction?
The BCBA has caregivers provide help every time when Jeremiah asks, and after 5 responses when he starts to cry
Matching Law and Problem Behavior Treatment
- Extinction may not be necessary if:
- Reinforce replacement bx on a dense schedule
- Minimize reinforcement for problem bx
- Time-contingent schedules may be used
Conc Interval Vs. Conc Ratio Schedules in Treating Problem Bx
- When Bx needs to be fully replaced or eliminated, consider concurrent ratio schedules
- When behavior needs to be reduced but not eliminated, consider concurrent interval schedules
- If the goal is “Natural” variability consider VI/VI schedules
If a targeted behavior needs to be eliminated, it is recommended that a concurrent _____ schedule be used over a concurrent _____ schedule.
- Ratio
- Interval