Unit 5

Question 1

Generates outcomes that are determined purely by chance

Answer 1

Random Process

Question 2

A number between 0 and 1 that described the proportion of times the outcome would occur in a very long series of trials

Answer 2

Probability

Question 3

If we observe more and more trials of any random process, the proportion of times that a specific outcome occurs approaches its probability

Answer 3

Law of Large Numbers

Question 4

Imitates a random process in such a way that simulated outcomes are consistent with real-world outcomes

Answer 4

Simulation

Question 5

A description of some random process that consists of two parts: A list of all possible outcomes and the probability of each outcome

Answer 5

Probability Model

Question 6

The list of all possible outcomes

Answer 6

Sample Space

Question 7

Any collection of outcomes from some random process

Answer 7

Event

Question 8

Says that P(A^c) = 1 - P(A)

Answer 8

Compliment Rule

Question 9

A^c, where P(A^c) = 1 - P(A)

Answer 9

Compliment

Question 10

Two events that have no outcomes in common and so can never occur together

Answer 10

Mutually Exclusive (Disjoint)

Question 11

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

Answer 11

Addition Rule for Mutually Exclusive Events

Question 12

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

Answer 12

General Addition Rule

Question 13

Consists of one or more circles surrounded by a rectangle. Each circle represents an event. The region inside the rectangle represents the sample space of the random process

Answer 13

Venn Diagram

Question 14

The event “A and B”

Answer 14

Intersection

Question 15

The event “A or B”

Answer 15

Union

Question 16

The probability that one event happens given that another event is known to have happened

Answer 16

Conditional Probability

Question 17

Knowing whether or not one event has occurred does not change the probability that the other event will happen

Answer 17

Independent Events

Question 18

P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B|A)

Answer 18

General Multiplication Rule

Question 19

Shows the sample space of a random process involving multiple stages. The probability of each outcome is shown on the corresponding branch of the tree. All probabilities after the first stage are conditional probabilities

Answer 19

Tree Diagram

Question 20

P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B)

Answer 20

Multiplication Rule for Independent Events