Unit 4d Flashcards
what part of the body excretes Na the most
the kindey
what is the combined kidney and baroreceptor pathway of NaCl intake ?
- NaCl intake
- increase osmolarity
3.vp secretion - convservation of water (end of kidney response)
- increased ECF
- increase BP
- vasoconstriction
- decrease bp to normal
what is aldosterone and where is it made ?
aldersterone is a hormone made in the adrenal cortex on demand
what is the key thing that aldersterone does
its saves Na+ , loses k+ by making new pumps and channels (Na channels)
what is the aldersterone pathway in the distal nephron ?
- from blood it enters membrane (intracellular)
- binds to receptors leads to synthesize new protein
- new Na channels that promote NA+ into the blood and K+ out
what 2 things stimulates aldersterone secretion?
- increase k+ in plasma blood monitered by adrenal cortex
- decrease blood pressure
what makes and releases aldosterone ?
the adrenal cortex
what is hyperkalemia ?
more k+ within the cell, cardiac issues
what is hypokalermia?
less k+ within the cell, weaker muscles
what is the 5 step RAS pathway ?
1.angiotensinogen
2. renin
3. agiotension converting enzyme (ACE)
4.Angiotensin II
5. aldosterone
where is angiotensin made ?
its is mide in the liver
where is renin from
JGA cells in nephron
what 2 things activated the RAS pathway ?
- low blood pressure
- renin from kidney
how does renin release?
JGA. cells monitor bp so when its a decrease in BP renin releases
what is the bareoreceptor reflex pathways when Angio II acts
Pathway
1. cardio control centre
2. cardio response
3. increase in BP
what are the 3 response to ANG II that is made when theres a drop in BP?
- cardio centre & cardio response to decrease BP
- hypothalmus that makes VP to increase volume
- Adrenal cortex that makes aldersterone to reabsorb Na+ to maintain osmolarity
how would you treat hypertension (high blood pressure)?
by blocking angiotensin II and this is through ACE inhibtiers and renin inhibtors so Ang II does not form
what oppoese vasopressin and alosterone and promotes loss of water and salt
its called ANP (/ atrail natri uretic peptide) where when bp increase it loosess water and salt to decrease it
what is the difference between hemorrhage and dehydration ?
hemoorhage is when you loose water and salt so no hyperosmolarity
dehydration is when you loose more water and is hyperosomlarity
