Unit 3b Flashcards
does the olfactory go to the thalamus or cross the midline
no
what is the olfactory pathway
Olfactory neuron
Cranail nerve
Olfactoy blub
Olfactory tract
olfactory cortex
what is differrent about the sensory in olfactoy nerves
its neurons sense and carry the info to CNS
what type neurons are used for sensory for olfactory
bipolar neruons
where does the olfactort path way synapes ?
in the olfactory bulb
how many times are olfactory neurons are replaced
60 days
what type of receptors are ordorant
GPCR
Eaxh olfactory receptor neuron expresss one type of ordeant receptor protein
swapping the functional groups can change what you smell
what are the 5 basic taste
sweet (carbs )
sour ( H+)
salty (NA+)
bitter ( possibility of toxity)
umami ( protein)
what are taste receptor cells ?
non-neural epithelial cells
how many time are taste receptors replaced ?
every 10 days non neural epithila
The olfactory bulb is…
Question 1 options:
a)
The first structure encountered by olfactory information entering the brain
b)
The sensory epithelium that lines the back of the nasal cavity
c)
The structure in which second order neurons that have received neural input form olfactory receptor neurons continue on to the olfactory cortex via the olfactory tract
d)
The region of the cerebral cortex in which olfactory information is processed
e)
Both a and c
a and c
Which of the following is/are TRUE about olfaction?
Question 2 options:
a)
Olfaction is mediated by modified epithelial cells that synapse with primary afferent neurons
b)
Olfactory receptor neurons express one unique type of odorant receptor protein
c)
Olfactory information travels from the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity to a thalamic relay en route to the olfactory bulb
d)
Each odour binds to and activates one unique type of odorant receptor protein
e)
Both b and d are true
b
Sweet tastes are detected when …
Question 3 options:
a)
Sugars enter taste receptor cells, depolarizing the cells and leading to release of release of ATP that acts on the primary afferent neuron
b)
Sugars bind to ion channel proteins expressed on the plasma membranes of taste receptor cells leading to Ca influx and release of ATP that acts on the primary afferent neuron
c)
Sugars bind to and bend mechano-sensitive membrane proteins on taste receptor hair cells, causing opening of mechanically-gated channels, Ca influx and release of ATP that acts on the primary afferent neuron
d)
Sugars bind to G protein-coupled receptors expressed on the membranes of taste receptor cells and initiate a signal transduction cascade leading to Ca influx and release of ATP that acts on the primary afferent neuron
d
The event most closely associated with the initiation of the pressure wave within the perilymph of the vestibular duct is…
Question 4 options:
a)
Vibration of the tympanic membrane
b)
Vibration of the round window
c)
Movement of the basilar membrane
d)
Vibration of the oval window
e)
Movement of the bony ossicles
d
Which statement(s) is/are true about the stimulation of hair cells in the organ of Corti?
Question 5 options:
a)
Vibration of the oval window causes a fluid pressure wave within the vestibular duct
b)
The fluid pressure wave pushes on the tectorial membrane, bending the hair cell cilia that are embedded in it
c)
Bending of stereocilia as a result of the fluid wave causes opening or closing of ion channels, a change in neurotransmitter release and a change in action potential frequency in the primary afferent neuron
d)
a and c
e)
a, b and c
e) abc
what sense uses neurons as a receptor
olfactory smell
where does Taste receptor cells or TRC send messages too?
primary afferent neurons
what is the dynamic component
movement of body through space
what is the static component?
position of head
what cells detect hearing/equilibrim ?
hair cell for hearing or the vestibular sytem from equilibrium
what molecule transduces signal in vision
rhodopsin (gcpr) in rods , photoopsins in cones
what molecule tranduce olfaction smells
gcpr
what is the only sense that deosnt use gcpr
hearing/equilibrium
what detects taste
TRC (taste buds)
what does cool nerve stimulate bc it not a tast sesnsation but more a temperature illlusion
free nerve endings in mouth skin and tounge in somoatsenory
what detect both sound and linear accelaration
hair cells
what are the receptor proteins for sounds an linear accelations
mechanorecptors
what is the mechanism for linear acccelerations
movement of the oliths shift both tectorial and basliar membraine
what is the fluid in the cochlea
perilyphm
what is endolyphm for
for the movement of hair cells in both hearing and endoplyma
what does the olith organ do
saccule does vertical
urticle doesn health forwards and back movement
Movement of vibration in the ear wave:
Yes, so it first begins with the stapes vibrating the oval window, which transfers energy into the perilymph of the cochlea. This movement in the perilymph creates a pressure wave that travels through the cochlea and vibrates the endolymph to cause a wave there too.
what does the semi circular canal do
detect rotational accelaratiob
