Unit 3a Flashcards
You have stepped on a tack with your bare left foot. What type of receptors would detect the information related to pain you experience?
a)
Free nerve endings
b)
Pacinian corpuscles
c)
Meissner’s corpuscles
d)
Ruffini corpuscles
e)
Merkel receptors
Free nerve endings
You are snow-blowing your land lady’s driveway in exchange for a rent reduction. The ________ are the cutaneous sensory receptors that are most strongly stimulated by the vibration.
a)
Pacinian corpuscles
b)
Meissner’s corpuscles
c)
free nerve endings
d)
Merkel receptors
e)
muscle spindles
pacinian corpuscles
The cutaneous sensory receptors that would be used for reading *Braille would have _____ receptive fields, and ascend to the brain via the ________.
a)
small, dorsal columns
b)
small, spinothalamic tract
c)
small, corticospinal tract
d)
large, spinothalamic tract
e)
large, dorsal columns
small, dorsal columns
Information detected by fine touch receptors in the right hand travel via the ___________ to the ______________.
a)
spinothalamic tract, temporal lobe
b)
dorsal columns, primary motor cortex
c)
dorsal columns, somatosensory cortex
d)
dorsal columns, frontal lobe
e)
corticospinal tract, somatosensory cortex
dorsal , somatosensory
You are on vacation and you decide to take this yoga class on an active volcano because of the beautiful view! You are balancing on your RIGHT foot in tree pose and you begin to feel a rumbling. Choose the option that best describes the pathway taken by the sensory information that will be ultimately interpreted as vibration.
Dorsal root ->
- Dorsal columns
- Dorsal horn gray matter
- Synapse in medulla
- Left somatosensory cortex
- Right somatosensory cortex
- Left spinothalamic tract
- Right spinothalamic tract
- Synapse in thalamus
Question 5 options:
a)
2, 7, 3, 8, 5
b)
2, 6, 8, 4
c)
2, 6, 3, 8, 4
d)
2, 7, 8, 5
e)
2, 1, 3, 8, 4
e)
2, 1, 3, 8, 4
Afferent fibres that transmit information about length and tension of your leg muscles are likely to be…
Question 6 options:
a)
Large diameter and unmyelinated
b)
Small diameter and unmyelinated
c)
Small diameter and myelinated
d)
Large diameter and. myelinated
d
Muscle tension is monitored by…
a)
extrafusal muscle fibres
b)
tendons
c)
muscle spindles
d)
Golgi tendon organs
d)
Golgi tendon organs
Which neuron fires to cause contraction of intrafusal muscle fibres?
Question 8 options:
a)
Gamma motor neuron
b)
Muscle spindle afferent
c)
Golgi tendon organ afferent
d)
Alpha motor neuron
a)
Gamma motor neuron
Activation of gamma motor neurons…
Question 9 options:
a)
Tightens the intrafusal muscle fibres
b)
Inhibits muscle contraction in certain reflexes
c)
Typically occurs when the associated alpha motor neurons are activated
d)
a and c
e)
a, b and c
d
Rank the following senses with respect to the rate at which they carry information to the CNS (slowest to fastest).
Fast pain, Fine touch, Muscle length
Question 10 options:
a)
Fine touch, fast pain, muscle length
b)
Muscle length, fast pain, fine touch
c)
Muscle length, fine touch, fast pain
d)
Fine touch, muscle length, fast pain
e)
Fast pain, fine touch, muscle length
e
how does a stimulus dictate an ion channel
a stimulus can open or close ion channels in receptor cell membranes
how many neurons must there be in the pathway to the brain
there must be atleast two neurons on the way to the brain
what 2 information does not relay in the thalamus
olfactory and equlibrum dont relay in the thalamus
where does the olfactory info go ?
it goes directly to brain no relay
where does equilibrium info go ?
it goes mostly to cerebellum with minor input to thalamus
where is visceral (internal organs) sensory integration
it is mostly integrated in the brain and spine
in regards to visceral sensory info what is completely subconscious
blood pressure is completely subconscious
in regards to visceral sensory info what can be conscious
fullness and pain ; has to reach a certain point to feel it
are all APs identical
yes
what are the 4 things the CNS must be able to decode
- type of stimulus (modality)
- location
- intensity
4.duration
how is modality (type of stimulus) is decoded
its determined bye the type of neuron activation the where the pathway stops in the brain
what is label line coding ?
touch receptors project to a specific part of the cortex
how is location decoded?
is decoded by which receptive fields were activated and they project to a specific location in the somatosensory cortex
what are the two things that decode stimulus intensity?
- the number of receptors activiated
- the frequency of APs
what are tonic receptors?
slowly adapting spread out APs
what are phasic receptors
rapdly adapting short fast APs
what is the name of the two superficial cutanous sensory receptors which one has a slow/ fast adaptation
M&M merkels slow and meissner fast
out of the M&M receptors which ones senses for fine touch
meissner
what type of receptive fields do M&M have?
small receptive fields
what cutaneous receptors have a deeper location whats there receptive field and which one slow/fast adaptation
RM Ruffini’s slow and pacinian fast, have a large receptive field
what is the sensory receptors for pain and temperature ?
free nerve ending
what mediates nociception
TRP transient receptor potential channels
what is nociception
pain like injury or harm
what is example of one othe TRP family channels
TPRV. (vanilliod)
what are 4 pathways somatic pain can go through
- spinal reflexes
- ascending pathways to cortex
- emotional reaction
4.autonomic responses
what is the fastest afferent neurons fibre
- propriocepter from skeletal muscle
what is the fast efferent neuron fibre ?
contractile skeletal muscle
is efferent of afferent faster fibres
efferen has the faster fibres
what are the 4 functions that travel on the faster nerves ?
extrafusal muscle fibre
intrafusal muscle fibres
afferent from muscle spindle
golgi tendon organ
what is visceral pain and what and example
is a poorly localized pain ex you can have pain in your liver and gall bladder but you feel it in your back
what are proprioceptors
they are receptors that sense change in joint movement muscle length and tension
what do muscle spindles moniter
muscle stretch
what does the golgi tendon organs monitor
muscle tension
what are 1a afferent neurons?
they are tonically active sensory neurons that detect change in muscle stretch(length) when pulled and provided that info to the CNS
what are 1b afferent neuron
these neurons detect change in muscle tension and contraction (shortened) in the golgi tendon it is wrapped around collegen fibre
what does unloading a muscle mean ?
when the muscle shortens alpha gamma co activation
what is the GTO more sensitive to isometric or isotonic
isometric contractio
what does the dorsal columns carry?
fine touch and proprioceptions, vibrations
what does the spino thamalmic carry
pain and tempurature
what does the corticospinal carry
lateral- limbs anterior- trunk muscle
where does the lateral ( limbs )cortico spinal deussation
medulla (brain stem) , limbs cross in the medulla
what are the anterior (trunk muscle cross)
in the spinal cord trunk ( upper body) muscle cross in the spinal cord
what info do descending motor neurons carry?
voluntary
what info does ascending sensory neurons carry
somatic sensation
what are DRG neuron
drg neurons are sensory neurons
where does the dorsal colums cross
medulla
where does the spino thlamc cross
spino spine cord
between voluntary and reflexive movement which one does not require intgration in the brain
reflexive movement
what 2 cutanours receptors take care of vibrations ?
R&P
Which neuron (in the same person) would be longer?
Question options:
a)
alpha motor neuron innervating skeletal muscle in the same toe
b)
first order neuron carrying temperature information from toes
c)
these neurons would be about the same length
a bc the first ordr of temp crosses over and it short
