Unit 4c- Hearts

Question 1

Fish-

Answer 1

Undivided circulatory system
gills between heart and systemic circulation
-4 chambers in series
-suction bump in elasmobranchs
-pressure drop across gills - BP higher in systemic system
—-requires high pressure
—gills must be able to withstand high pressure

Question 2

elasmobranchs

Answer 2

• suction pump = non compliant pericardium

- exit is guarded by a pair of flap valves

Question 3

Lung fish and air breathing fish

Answer 3

nearly complete functional separation of oxy and deoxy blood
-partial atomical separation-partial septum in atrium, ventricle, spirul folds in bulbus

Question 4

Amphibians and reptiles

Answer 4

near complete functional separation of oxy and deoxy blood

• atria completely separated
• variable degree of atomical separation
• same imput pressure to pulmonary and systemic circulations
• adjustable distribution of blood flow to lungs vs. body

Question 5

Amphibians

Answer 5

• single ventricle with some separation achieved by spiral fold in conus arteriosus
• SPIRAL FOLD, RIGH AND LEFT PULMOCUTANEOUS ARTERY, CONUS ARTERIOUSUS

Question 6

non-crocodilian reptile

Answer 6

partial division of ventricles by incomplete muscular septum

-HORIZONTAL SEPTUM, VERTICAL SEPTUM

Question 7

Crocodiles

Answer 7

-fully divided ventricles, but blood vessles connected by foramen of panizza and anastomosis caudal to heart

pressure differences influence flow

Question 8

Birds and mammals

Answer 8

• 4 chambers, 2 parallel hearts
• righs side: pulmonary circulation
• left side: systemic circulation (thicker)
• complete double circulation
• valves separate atria and ventricles
• allows different imput pressures to pulmonary and systemic circulations
• requeares equal total blood flow through pulmonary and systemic circulation