Unit 2- Methods in Physiology Flashcards
1
Q
the scientific method
A
-hypotheticodeduductive method
questions+ observations- and then testing it
2
Q
Francis Bacon’s method (6 steps)
A
- observations
- hyposthesis
- Test hyposthesis
- make conclusions- falsify, not prove
- retest to validate
- publish and peer review
3
Q
August Krogh Principle
A
“For many problems, there is an animal on which it can be most conviently studied”
4
Q
What is physiological state?
A
defined as the biological condition at any given time
5
Q
what alters physiological state
A
-internal factors (hormones, food level), or external (temp, being frightened)
6
Q
Why is physiological state an important consideration in doing an experiment?
A
- they fluctuate, so you must measure as many as them as possible to ensure your results are not due to any of them interfering
7
Q
Classical Techniques
A
- presure transducers
- respirometer
- surgical techniques
- basic chemical analysis
- naturalist observation
8
Q
What are the 3 molecular techniques?
A
- radioisotope tracing
- antibody techniques
- RNA insitu hybridization
9
Q
Radioisotope tracing
A
- labeling or pulse chase experiment
- insert radioactively precursors which disintegrate to produce beta and gamma particles which can be detected by a number of methods
- pulse chase
- —add labeled molecules, then add non-labeled and see what happens to the labeled ones over time- time sensitive
10
Q
Antibody techniques
A
- Antibody staining and ELISA
- monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies - hybridoma technology
- highly sensitive techniques
11
Q
ELISA
A
- identification and quantification of proteins
- antibody-antigen reaction
- highly sensitive
- shows confirmation through color change
12
Q
RNA insitu hybridization
A
- insert a riboprobe
- attaches to RNA of interest
- can see location in the cell
13
Q
Genetic Engineering
A
- manipulation of genetic material
- recombinant DNA - cloning vector and DNA of interest
- useful for producing large quantities of recombination product
- transgenic animals
14
Q
Celular techniques
A
- micro-pipettes and micro-electrodes (measure electrical properties, ion concentration, pressure ect)
- microsopy
- cell cultures
15
Q
Cell lines
A
-Cells that grow immortally (HeLa)
