[Unit 4a] Cause and effect Flashcards
Farms can have both positive and negative effects _ the community.
Farms can have both positive and negative effects on the community.
‘cause’ or ‘is / are caused by’?
You know the bottle says that they (these pills) may _ drowsiness… do not operate machinery.
I know that.
You know the bottle says that they (these pills) may cause drowsiness… do not operate machinery.
I know that.
[do you need articles here?]
Suddenly having a lot of money is just as likely to have a positive effect on you as negative effect.
Suddenly having a lot of money is just as likely to have a positive effect on you as a negative effect.
The idea that winning a lot of money с_ misery is actually a myth.
(= причиняет, приводит к)
The idea that winning a lot of money causes misery is actually a myth.
/kɔːz/
‘cause’ or ‘is / are caused by’?
Do you realize that? I am pregnant, and I am unmarried… and this _ a serious problem for me.
Do you realize that? I am pregnant, and I am unmarried… and this causes (leads to) a serious problem for me.
Suddenly having a lot of money is just as likely to have a positive _ffect on you as a negative _ffect.
The NOUN is ‘effect’
Suddenly having a lot of money is just as likely to have a positive effect on you as a negative effect.
/ɪˈfekt/
But spending money on experiences usually r_ _ longer-term happiness.
= приводит к
But spending money on experiences usually results in longer-term happiness.
Getting richer doesn’t actually _ffect how happy you are.
The verb is ‘AFFECT’
Getting richer doesn’t actually affect how happy you are.
/əˈfekt/
Of course people like to believe that winning money l_ _ disaster.
= приводит к
Of course people like to believe that winning money leads to disaster.
/liːd/
‘cause’ or ‘is / are caused by’?
So far, the phenomenon has not _ any damage.
So far, the phenomenon has not caused any damage.
‘cause’ or ‘is / are caused by’?
And I’ll make sure that no one forgets the pain you _ me.
And I’ll make sure that no one forgets the pain you caused me.
‘cause’ or ‘is / are caused by’?
The stripes on this flower _ a viral infection.
The stripes on this flower are caused by
a viral infection.
He made one big mistake, and, _ _ result, lost his job. (= в результате)
He made one big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job.
‘cause’ or ‘is / are caused by’?
Yeah. All we know so far is that the disease _ some unknown organism or organisms, which we can’t see or find.
Yeah. All we know so far is that the disease is caused by some unknown organism or organisms, which we can’t see or find.
‘cause’ or ‘is / are caused by’?
You see, fear _ hesitation… and hesitation will _ your worst fears to come true.
You see, fear causes hesitation… and hesitation will cause your worst fears to come true.
‘cause’ or ‘is / are caused by’?
You’re saying that her brain damage could have _ being deprived of oxygen for two minutes? Yes.
You’re saying that her brain damage could have been caused by being deprived of oxygen for two minutes? Yes.
They measured how happy people are as a r_ _ winning the lottery. (= в результате)
They measured how happy people are as a result of winning the lottery.
Weather doesn’t affect me a_ _ _ it u_ _. (= так как раньше)
Weather doesn’t affect me as much as it used to.
Lack of sleep really affects how _ (= влияет на мою продуктивность)
Lack of sleep really affects how productive I am.
I’ve realised that a lot of my stress _ _ _ tight deadlines. (=из-за)
I’ve realised that a lot of my stress is caused by tight deadlines.
For me, headaches are usually caused by l_ _ fresh air. (= недостаток)
For me, headaches are usually caused by lack of fresh air.
