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AP World > Unit 4 Vocab APWH > Flashcards

Unit 4 Vocab APWH Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

African Diaspora

A

Africans living outside of Africa (usually as slaves) who retained some aspects of their cultures

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2
Q

Akbar the Great

A

1556-1605 remembered for his military successes and administrative achievements in the Mughal Empire

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3
Q

Asante Empire

A

African kingdom on the Gold Coast that expanded rapidly after 1680

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4
Q

Astronomical Chart:

A

a map of stars that improved navigation

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5
Q

Aztec Empire

A

an empire in Mexico that was overthrown by Cortes in 1521

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6
Q

Barbary Pirates:

A

Captured other European slaves in the Mediterranean and then sold them to the sultan or other high-ranking officials

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7
Q

Bartholomew Diaz

A

sailed around the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 into unknown waters then returned home for
fear of a mutiny

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8
Q

Boyars

A

Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European
counterparts

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9
Q

Capitalism

A

The economic system of large financial institutions —banks, stock exchanges, investment
companies

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10
Q

Cartography

A

Mapmaking

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11
Q

Carolina Fur Trade

A

English fur traders pushed into the interior to compete with French trading networks
based in New Orleans and Mobile

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12
Q

Cash Crop

A

sellable crop that is grown and gathered for the market such as sugar and tobacco

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13
Q

Charter Companies

A

groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for
a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies

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14
Q

Chattel Slavery

A

a system where individuals were considered property to be bought and sold

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15
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

navigator who explored the Americas under the flag of Spain

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16
Q

City of Potosi

A

located in Bolivia it was one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in
colonial Spanish America

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17
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and
the rest of the world following Columbus voyages

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18
Q

Commercial Revolution

A

transformation to a trade-based economy using gold and silver

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19
Q

Conquistadors

A

Spanish soldiers who conquered parts of the Americas in the 16th century

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20
Q

Cossack

A

People of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries,
or outlaws.

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21
Q

Creole

A

West African languages mixed with European languages

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22
Q

Criollos

A

those of European ancestry who were born in the Americas

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23
Q

Dahomey

A

West African kingdom that became strong through its rulers’ exploitation of the slave trade and acquisition of firearms

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24
Q

Dutch East India Company

A

(1602) A mercantile company chartered by the Dutch to conduct trade missions throughout the East Indies

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25
Q

Dutch West India Company

A

(1621-1794) Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants’ trade in the Americas and Africa

26
Q

Engenhos

A

Portuguese sugar plantations called “engines” because of the amount of sugar they processed. The working conditions were horrible and the labor force suffered greatly

27
Q

Encomienda

A

a grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies that provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods by the Amerindians. It obliged the grant holder to Christianize the Amerindians

28
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world

29
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima

30
Q

Galleons

A

Spanish trading ships that made round-trip sailing voyages once or twice per year across the Pacific Ocean

31
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau

32
Q

Gloucester County Rebellion

A

first recorded slave revolt in what is now the United States took place in Virginia in 1663

33
Q

The Great Northern War (1700-1721)

A

war between the Russians and the Swedish. It was long and costly for both sides, but the Russians ended up gaining control of the Baltic Sea

34
Q

Henry the Navigator: (1394-1460)

A

Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal’s colonial empire.

35
Q

Hispaniola

A

name Columbus gave to the island that is now Haiti and the Dominican Republic

36
Q

Indentured Servant

A

a migrant to British colonies in the Americas who paid for passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from four to seven years

37
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A

an alliance of five northeastern Amerindian peoples that made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of representatives. Allied first with the Dutch and later with the English, the Confederacy dominated the area from western New England to the Great Lakes

37
Q

Jamestown

A

English colony in Virginia that was England’s first successful colony in the Americas

38
Q

Jesuit Missionaries

A

missionaries from the Society of Jesus, they tried and failed to bring Christianity to Japan, but were successful in reaching the elite and scholars in China

38
Q

Japanese Trade Decrees

A

Series of decrees that were designed to keep Christianity from resurfacing in Japan

39
Q

Joint-Stock Companies:

A

businesses that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks and profits among many investors

40
Q

Manchus

A

Federation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded the Qing Empire

41
Q

Manila

A

Spanish commercial center of the Philippines that attracted merchants

42
Q

Manumission

A

A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave; more common in Brazil, Spanish, and French than
in English colonies

43
Q

Maratha Empire

A

Indian power that existed from 1674 to 1818 and ruled over a large area of the Indian
subcontinent; credited with ending Mughal rule in India

44
Q

Maritime Empires

A

Empires such as Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, France, and Holland that were based upon sea travel

45
Q

Maroon Wars

A

slaves in the Caribbean and former Spanish territories in the Americas fought to gain freedom

46
Q

Mercantilism

A

government policies designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies

47
Q

Mestizos

A

The term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed Amerindian and European descent

48
Q

Metacom’s War

A

Also called King Philip’s war, English colonists used underhanded tactics to control Native American lands

49
Q

Middle Passage

A

The part of the Atlantic Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the
Atlantic to the Americas

50
Q

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

A

Empire based in China that Zhu Yuanzhang established after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire.

51
Q

Mit’a System

A

labor obligation in Peru that required a percentage of the adult male Amerindians to work for two to four months each year in mines, farms, or textile factories

52
Q

Monopolies

A

granted certain merchants or the government itself the exclusive right to trade

53
Q

Mulatto

A

The term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European
descent

54
Q

New Amsterdam

A

Dutch settlement in the Hudson River Valley that is present day New York city

55
Q

New France

A

French colony in North America along the St. Lawrence River

56
Q

New Spain

A

colony established by Cortes after overthrowing the Aztecs in Mexico

57
Q

Northwest Passage

A

a route through or around North America that would lead to East Asia and the trade there

58
Q

Omani-European Rivalry

A

a trade rivalry between traders from Oman and European traders over the Indian
Ocean Trade Route that fueled Columbus’s search for a new route to India

59
Q

Oyo

A

African empire that became rich by selling its captives to Europeans

AP World (2 decks)

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