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frog > unit 4 vocab: ap gov > Flashcards

unit 4 vocab: ap gov Flashcards

1
Q

Conservative

A

a person favoring free enterprise, private ownership, and socially traditional ideas

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2
Q

Liberal

A

a supporter of a political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise.

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3
Q

Moderate

A

a person who holds moderate views, especially in politics

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4
Q

Political ideology

A

a certain set of ethical ideals, principles

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5
Q

Baby Boomer

A

people born from 1946 to 1964, during the mid-20th century baby boom

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6
Q

Millennial

A

Anyone born between 1981 and 1996

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7
Q

Gen x

A

the generation of Americans born between 1965 and 1980

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8
Q

Silent generation

A

also known as the Veterans, the Silent Generation, and the Greatest Generation—is comprised of men and women born between 1922 and 1945.

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9
Q

Poll

A

record the opinion or vote of

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10
Q

Exit poll

A

a poll of people leaving a polling place, asking how they voted

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11
Q

Presidential approval rating

A

given to a politician based on responses to a poll in which a sample of people are asked whether they approve or disapprove of that particular political figure.

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12
Q

Political spectrum

A

a system to characterize and classify different political positions in relation to one another

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13
Q

Libertarian

A

seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state’s encroachment on and violations of individual liberties; emphasizing the rule of law

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14
Q

Majoritarian politics

A

a majority class ruling over a minority class, while not referring to the decision process called majority rule

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15
Q

interest group(pluralism) politics

A

Groups of individuals try to maximize their interests. Lines of conflict are multiple and shifting as power is a continuous bargaining process between competing groups.

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16
Q

Iron Triangle

A

idea that committees in the House and Senate, federal departments and agencies, and think tanks and interest groups all work together to develop and conserve their own power, and expand their political influence

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17
Q

Entitlement spending

A

Entitlements refer to those programs that make up the major component of mandatory spending in the federal budget. They include Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, defense spending, Net Interest, other tested programs

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18
Q

Mandatory spending

A

mandated by existing laws.

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19
Q

Discretionary spending

A

money formally approved by Congress and the President during the appropriations process each year

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20
Q

CONSERVATIVE

A

NO CHANGE

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21
Q

LIBERAL

A

CHANGE

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22
Q

Core Values

A

RICLE
- rule of law
- individualism
- capitalism
- limited government
- equality of opportunity

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23
Q

Liberal or Conservative?
Government should be used to connect the inequalities in society

A

Liberal (we’ll help)

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24
Q

Liberal or Conservative?
Personal responsibilities will create opportunity

A

Conservative (do it yourself)

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25
Q

Political Socialization

A

The process of obtaining political beliefs and experiences that make up your opinions

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26
Q

Family is the greatest…

A

influence on political socialization

27
Q

Equality of opportunity party views

A

Conservatives: can’t be guaranteed but exists
Liberals: doesn’t exist and government needs to remove barriers to opportunity

28
Q

Individualism party views

A

Conservatives: Independence protected FROM the government
Liberals:
Independence protected BY the government

29
Q

Capitalism (free enterprise) party views

A

Conservatives: Laissez faire, (hands off) market regulates itself (invisible hand)
Liberals: Some regulation is necessary (min. wage, environment)

30
Q

Rule of Law party views

A

Conservatives: law and order; do the crime, do the time
Liberals: tend to focus on Due Process of law

31
Q

Limited government party views

A

Conservatives: law and order at the cost of some liberties
Liberals: Liberty and freedom at the cost of some order

32
Q

Rule of Law

A

nobody is above law, including the government

33
Q

Generational Effects

A

historical events experienced that shape one’s political views (ex: depression, 9/11, ww1 and ww2)

34
Q

Life Cycle Effects

A

a person’s age and stage in life (recent college grad vs. recently retired)

35
Q

Old people

A
  • great depression
  • supported New Deal
  • fear of nuclear war
  • vietnam war and controversial draft
  • political trust broken
36
Q

young people

A
  • 9/11
  • supported safety laws
  • war in Iran and Afghanistan
  • HUGE political polarization
37
Q

Measuring Public Opinion

A

president approval ratings (affected by economy, crisis, war, etc)

38
Q

“loaded language” can lead to …

A

bias

39
Q

push polling

A

broadcasting negative information about an opponent, then a poll

40
Q

Opinion saliency

A

caring and not caring is reflected

41
Q

random sampling

A

all respondents must have the same chance of being selected

42
Q

stratified sampling

A

ensures different demographics are represented

43
Q

ideology

A

a set of comprehensive and shared belief system

44
Q

valence issues

A

views SIMILARly

45
Q

wedge issues

A

issues that DIVIDE us (ex: abortion, guns)

46
Q

saliency

A

very important to ONE group

47
Q

Fiscal Policy

A

SPEND or TAX

(done by Congress or President, power of the purse)

48
Q

3 goals on government spending/taxing on the economy

A

1) limit inflation ($ = less value)
2) reduce unemployment
3) grow the economy

49
Q

inflation

A

continued increase in price level –> everyone is buying

50
Q

recession (opposite of inflation)

A

continued reduction in GDP –> no one is buying

51
Q

Expansionary Policy

A

Needed in order to grow the economy during RECESSION
- reduce taxes, increase spending
- very political

52
Q

Keynesian

A

government should SPEND in order to stimulate the economy

preferred by democrats

53
Q

Trickle Down/ Supply Slide

A

federal government should not spend to end recession, instead reduce taxes so that more becomes available (reduce taxes for the rich who can create jobs for the poor)

preferred by republicans

54
Q

Monetary Policy

A

Carried out by Federal Reserve Board
Control money by
- adjusting interest rates
- adjusting the reserve requirement
- open market operations (bonds)

55
Q

Liberals support …

A
  • social welfare programs
  • bigger government
  • taxing the rich
  • protection of privacy
  • free school
56
Q

Conservatives support …

A
  • skeptical of new spending on social welfare programs
  • giving photo ID when voting
  • small government: STATE approach
  • any school, even if religious
57
Q

Religion regarding parties…

A

Liberals support restrictions on religious activities
Conservatives appose restrictions on religious activities

58
Q

partisanship

A

Strong allegiance to one’s own political party, often leading to unwillingness to compromise with members of the opposing party

59
Q

margin of error

A

the range in which the results of the poll/survey can have accurate results.

60
Q

benchmark poll

A

taken before or just after a candidate announces. (where they stand with voters, their strengths/weaknesses, what type of voter they are)

61
Q

exit poll

A

polls conducted as voters leave selected polling places on Election Day; help media outlets predict outcomes of elections before results are finalized.

62
Q

to reduce inflation…

A

decrease money supply (raising interest rates)

63
Q

to reduce unemployment…

A

increase money supple (lowering interest rates)

frog (24 decks)

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