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AP Environmental Science > Unit 4 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 4 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

thin outer layer of mantle, convection begins here

A

Asthenosphere

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2
Q

thin solid layer floating on asthenosphere, broken into techtonic plates

A

Lithosphere

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3
Q

plates move away from each other, where mid ocean ridges, seafloor spreading

A

Divergent Boundary

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4
Q

plates collide with each other, where mountains, islands, and subduction

A

Convergent Boundary

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5
Q

an area where there is a mantle plume (hotter magma under crust) with high volcanic activity.
(Hawaii)

A

Hot Spot

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6
Q

tectonic plates slide past each other, where faults form and create earthquakes

A

Transform Boundary

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7
Q

cracks in the earth’s crust along which there is movement

A

Faults

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8
Q

ring of seismic activity around the edges of the Pacific Ocean

A

Ring of Fire

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9
Q

amount of pore space a soil has
Most: gravel, sand, silt, clay : Least

A

Porosity

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10
Q

how easily water drains through a soil
Most-gravel, sand, silt, clay-Least

A

Permeability

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11
Q

the desired soil type for most crops. 20% clay, 40% silt and 40% sand

A

Loam

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12
Q

least permeable, highest porosity, highest water capacity

A

Clay

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13
Q

Most permeable, lowest porosity, lowest water capacity

A

Sand

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14
Q

mid-permeability, mid-porosity, mid-water capacity

A

Silt

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15
Q

main organic part of soil (decomposed biomass, leaves, animals, waste, etc.)

A

Humus

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16
Q

added to soil naturally through fixation by soil bacteria and legumes and through rainfall, or artificially through manure, fertilization or organic materia

A

Nitrogen

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17
Q

necessary nutrient in soil, or else root death

A

Oxygen

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18
Q

essential for cell division and development of the growing tip of the plant

A

Phosphorus

19
Q

where atmosphere merges with space

A

Exosphere

20
Q

hottest layer, absorbs x-rays and uv rays, northern lights/aurora borealis

A

Thermosphere

21
Q

less dense, less mass pushing down

A

Mesosphere

22
Q

dense ozone layer, absorbs UV-B and UV-C,

A

Stratosphere

23
Q

where weather takes place, densest layer (majority water vapor), gravity strongest, ozone (O3) = pollutant, damages respiration, plant stomata and forms smog

A

Troposphere

24
Q
A

Atmospheric Circulation

25
Q

atmospheric convection cell in which air rises at the equator and sinks at medium latitudes (30), responsible for global wind patterns

A

Hadley Cell

26
Q

deflection of objects traveling through atmosphere due to spin of earth, air moves from high to low pressure

A

Coriolos Effect

27
Q

a global belt of light, variable winds near the equator, resulting from the vertical force of low density air masses upward within this equatorial belt. Associated with much precipitation.

A

Doldrums

28
Q

Winds that start in the east and blow west, (0-30, 60-90)

A

Easterlies

29
Q

winds that start in the west and blow east (30-60)

A

Westerlies

30
Q

prevailing easterly winds that blow from east to west between 30-0 degrees

A

Trade Winds

31
Q

have more air pressure than surroundings, pushes air away from them lower pressure areas

A

High pressure system

32
Q

lower pressure at center than. Winds blow towards the low pressure, air rises where they meet, condenses, forming clouds and precipitation, associated with bad weather.

A

Low pressure system

33
Q

all of the land that drains into a specific body of water

A

Watershed

34
Q

excessive nutrients in a body of water, due to runoff, causes growth of plant life (algae) and death of animal life from lack of oxygen (hypoxia)

A

Eutrophication

35
Q

amount of solar radiation reaching an area watts/m^2.

A

Insolation

36
Q

proportion of light reflected by a surface

A

Albedo

37
Q

side of mountain receiving warm moist air from the ocean, lush,

A

Windward

38
Q

side opposite of the coast recieves dry cool sinking air, arid

A

Leeward

39
Q

a region with little rainfall due to shelter from prevailing moist winds

A

Rain Shadows

40
Q

pattern of water circulation, moves clockwise in the northern hemisphere, counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere

A

Gyers

41
Q

rise of cool nutrient rich water and sediments

A

Upwelling

42
Q

a warming of the ocean surface temperatures, in Pacific Ocean

A

EL Nino

43
Q

a cooling of the ocean surface temperatures, in Pacific Ocean

A

La Nina

44
Q

El Nino Southern Oscillation

patter of shifting atmospheric pressure and ocean currents in the pacific ocean between S America and Australia/SE Asia

A

ENSO

AP Environmental Science (4 decks)

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