Unit 2 Vocab

Question 1

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genetically based variety of all organisms in the biosphere.

ex: functional , ecological, genetic, species

Answer 1

Diversity

Question 2

number of different species in ecosystem,

species diversity

most diverse tropical rainforests, tropical lakes, coral reefs, ocean bottom

Answer 2

Species richness

species diversity

Question 3

total number of individuals of a species or type present in a given area

Answer 3

Abundance

Question 4

measure of the comparative abundance of all species

species diversity

Answer 4

Species evenness

species diversity

Question 5

phenomenon that occurs when a population’s size is suddenly reduced, resulting in a loss of genetic variation

can happen due to natural events like earthquakes, floods, fires, droughts, or disease, or human activities like hunting or pesticide use

Answer 5

Bottleneck event

Question 6

Goods taken directly from ecosystems or made from natural resources (wood, paper, food) for sale. Goods made by natural resources (paper, medicine, rubber).

Disrupted by overharvesting, water pollution, clearing land for agriculture/urbanization

Answer 6

Provisioning Services

Question 7

Natural ecosystems regulate and stabilize climate, air quality, water quality, soil, biodiversity. Benefit provided by ecosystem processes that moderate natural conditions like climate, air quality, biodiversity, soil quality.

Filtration & purification of water by wetlands,Pollination (aids plant reproduction, food production, biodiversity), Trees sequester CO2 via photosynthesis, lessening atmospheric warming & costly impacts like storm damage/crop loss, Trees filter air by absorbing air pollutants which reduces health care costs for treating diseases like asthma and bronchitis

Answer 7

Regulating service

Question 8

Natural ecosystem processes that sustain ecosystems & allow them to support life (Photosynthesis, soil creation, nutrient cycling, habitat & food creation. Essentially, everything needed to maintain functioning ecosystems, supporting all of the other ecosystem services

Habitat loss due to deforestation, agriculture, urbanization

Answer 8

Supporting service

Question 9

Revenue from recreational activities & profits from scientific discoveries made in ecosystems

Disrupted by deforestation, pollution, urbanization

parks, camping, tours, hunting/fishing licenses, park fees, tourism-related spending, health/agriculture/educational knowledge

Answer 9

Cultural service

Question 10

Larger Islands support more total species, islands closer to the “mainland” support more species

Answer 10

Island Biogeography

Question 11

ability of an ecosystem to return to its original conditions after a major disturbance

hurricane, clearcutting

Answer 11

Ecosystem resilience

high species diversity = high eco. resilience

Question 12

ability to survive

Answer 12

Fitness

Question 13

heritable trait that helps an organism, such as a plant or animal, survive and reproduce in its environment

Answer 13

Adaption

Question 14

process of individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully

Answer 14

Natural selection

Question 15

first species to populate an area during primary succession

Answer 15

Pioneer Species

Question 16

occurs at regular frequency

ex dry/wet season

Answer 16

Periodic disturbance

Question 17

occasional irregular frequency

ex drought hurricane

Answer 17

Episodic disturbance

Question 18

no regular frequency

ex earthquakes, asteroid, volcanoes

Answer 18

Random disturbance

Question 19

only rock, no soil, seeds/spore carried by wind, moss and lichen grow their acids break down rock, rock and dead biomass mix creates soil

Answer 19

Primary succession

Question 20

already soil, disturbance destroyed existing plants, faster than primary, pioneer species first ex grasses, sedges, wildflower, weeds

Answer 20

Secondary succession

Question 21

the reduced survival and fertility of offspring of related individuals

Answer 21

Inbreeding Depression

Question 22

indicates the critical maximum and minimum limits of that abiotic variable that the organism can withstand.

Answer 22

Range of Tolerance