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AP Environmental Science > Unit 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 1 Vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

groups of different, interacting species in the same area

A

Community

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2
Q

biotic factors interacting in a specific area with each other and with the. environment

A

Ecosystem

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3
Q

plants & animals found in a region; based on yearly temp. + precipitation (climate), animals are adapted and suited for

A

Biome

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4
Q

one member of a species

A

Individual

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5
Q

group of organisms in the same species, living in the same area

A

Population

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6
Q

two species interact in ways that benefit.

(pollination, birds/elephants, clownfish/anemones)

A

Mutualism

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7
Q

benefits one species, has little to no effect on others

(epiphytes/air plants)

A

Commensalism

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8
Q

one species is a predator that feeds on another species, the prey and has a strong effect on population size in many ecosystems

brown bear feeds on salmon

A

Predation

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9
Q

relationship or close association between members of different species

A

Symbiosis

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10
Q

when 2 different species compete for similar scarce resources evolve specialized traits that allow them to share and reduce competition

insect eating birds reduce competition by feeding in different portions

A

Resource Partitioning

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11
Q

using resources at different times

wolves and coyotes hunting

A

Temporal Partitioning

Temporal Time

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12
Q

using different resources based on different evolved body features

bird beaks

A

Morphological Partitioning

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13
Q

using different areas if the shared habitat

different length roots

A

Spatial Partitioning

Spatial Space

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14
Q

Amount of salt in water (concentration)

Limits amount of plants that can grow

A

Salinity

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15
Q

area where the ocean meets the land between high and low tides, highest productivity supports the most species

A

Intertidal zone

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16
Q

edge of the intertidal zone to the continental slope

A

Neritic zone

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17
Q

no sunlight, no photosynthesis

A

Abyssal zone

18
Q

very bottom, no sunlight of ocean

A

Bentic

19
Q

high nutrients, high sunlight, high rain and water

A

Wetlands

20
Q

where freshwater and saltwater meet

salinity in this biome how much freshwater

A

Estuaries

21
Q

water in this biome is warm, shallow, photosynthesis

A

Coral Reef

22
Q

where the ocean meets the shore between low tides and high tides

A

Intertidal Zones

23
Q

sunlight fully reaches into water (photosynthesis

ocean biome

A

Photic Zone

24
Q

below photic, no sunlight(no photosynthesis)

ocean biome

A

Aphotic Zone

25
Q

reservoir that take in more carbon than it releases

(Ocean, algae & sediments, plants, soil)

A

Carbon sink

26
Q

Converts n2 gas into ammonia, abiotic or biotic

A

Nitrogen fixation

27
Q

Plants & animals taking N in and incorporating into biomass

Plants:roots take in from soil; animals:eating plants or other animals

A

Assimilation

28
Q

converting waste & dead biomass back into NH3 and returning it to soil

waste products

A

Ammonification

29
Q

Conversion of nh into nitrate (NO4) then nitrate (NO3) by soil bacteria, conversion of ammonia into nitrates and nitrates

only happen in the presence of oxygen

A

Nitrification

30
Q

Converts soil N(NO3) into nitrous oxide(n2o) gas which returns to atmosphere, carried out by denitrifying bacteria

A

Denitrification

31
Q

synthetic fertilizer use leads to nitrates (NO3) being carried out of soil by water

nitrates runoff into local waters causing algae blooms

A

Leaching

32
Q

calcium carbonate precipitates out as sediment & settles on ocean floor

slow movement of carbon cycle

A

Sedimentation

33
Q

precipitation flows over earth’s surface into a body of water, recharges surface waters, but can also carry pollutants into water sources

A

Runoff

34
Q

precipitation trickles through soil down into groundwater aquifers, Precipitation recharges groundwater through infiltration

A

Infiltration

35
Q

the rate of production of energy from a source

A

Productivity

36
Q

At each successive level, the energy and biomass are lost. The organisms at each level use energy for respiration.

A

Respiration loss

37
Q

the amount of energy that is actually stored in the plant after respiration processes

A

NPP - Net Primary Productivity

38
Q

total amount of solar energy that producers in a ecosystem capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time

A

GPP- Gross Primary Productivity

39
Q

energy is neither created nor destroyed

A

1st Law of Thermodynamics

40
Q

when energy is converted from one form to another, some energy is lost and efficiency decreases

A

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

AP Environmental Science (4 decks)

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