Unit 1 Vocab Flashcards
groups of different, interacting species in the same area
Community
biotic factors interacting in a specific area with each other and with the. environment
Ecosystem
plants & animals found in a region; based on yearly temp. + precipitation (climate), animals are adapted and suited for
Biome
one member of a species
Individual
group of organisms in the same species, living in the same area
Population
two species interact in ways that benefit.
(pollination, birds/elephants, clownfish/anemones)
Mutualism
benefits one species, has little to no effect on others
(epiphytes/air plants)
Commensalism
one species is a predator that feeds on another species, the prey and has a strong effect on population size in many ecosystems
brown bear feeds on salmon
Predation
relationship or close association between members of different species
Symbiosis
when 2 different species compete for similar scarce resources evolve specialized traits that allow them to share and reduce competition
insect eating birds reduce competition by feeding in different portions
Resource Partitioning
using resources at different times
wolves and coyotes hunting
Temporal Partitioning
Temporal Time
using different resources based on different evolved body features
bird beaks
Morphological Partitioning
using different areas if the shared habitat
different length roots
Spatial Partitioning
Spatial Space
Amount of salt in water (concentration)
Limits amount of plants that can grow
Salinity
area where the ocean meets the land between high and low tides, highest productivity supports the most species
Intertidal zone
edge of the intertidal zone to the continental slope
Neritic zone
no sunlight, no photosynthesis
Abyssal zone
very bottom, no sunlight of ocean
Bentic
high nutrients, high sunlight, high rain and water
Wetlands
where freshwater and saltwater meet
salinity in this biome how much freshwater
Estuaries
water in this biome is warm, shallow, photosynthesis
Coral Reef
where the ocean meets the shore between low tides and high tides
Intertidal Zones
sunlight fully reaches into water (photosynthesis
ocean biome
Photic Zone
below photic, no sunlight(no photosynthesis)
ocean biome
Aphotic Zone
reservoir that take in more carbon than it releases
(Ocean, algae & sediments, plants, soil)
Carbon sink
Converts n2 gas into ammonia, abiotic or biotic
Nitrogen fixation
Plants & animals taking N in and incorporating into biomass
Plants:roots take in from soil; animals:eating plants or other animals
Assimilation
converting waste & dead biomass back into NH3 and returning it to soil
waste products
Ammonification
Conversion of nh into nitrate (NO4) then nitrate (NO3) by soil bacteria, conversion of ammonia into nitrates and nitrates
only happen in the presence of oxygen
Nitrification
Converts soil N(NO3) into nitrous oxide(n2o) gas which returns to atmosphere, carried out by denitrifying bacteria
Denitrification
synthetic fertilizer use leads to nitrates (NO3) being carried out of soil by water
nitrates runoff into local waters causing algae blooms
Leaching
calcium carbonate precipitates out as sediment & settles on ocean floor
slow movement of carbon cycle
Sedimentation
precipitation flows over earth’s surface into a body of water, recharges surface waters, but can also carry pollutants into water sources
Runoff
precipitation trickles through soil down into groundwater aquifers, Precipitation recharges groundwater through infiltration
Infiltration
the rate of production of energy from a source
Productivity
At each successive level, the energy and biomass are lost. The organisms at each level use energy for respiration.
Respiration loss
the amount of energy that is actually stored in the plant after respiration processes
NPP - Net Primary Productivity
total amount of solar energy that producers in a ecosystem capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time
GPP- Gross Primary Productivity
energy is neither created nor destroyed
1st Law of Thermodynamics
when energy is converted from one form to another, some energy is lost and efficiency decreases
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
