unit 4 vocab Flashcards
reactant
substance at the beginning of the reaction, the one that changes
product
substance on the right side of the reaction, the substance formed
yields (produces)
represented by the arrow
diatomic molecules
Br I N Cl H O F
synthesis
reaction with one product, the reactants combine
A + B -> AB
decomposition
one reactant breaks apart
AB -> A + B
single replacement
one element replaces another in a compound, only the anions switch
AX + B -> BX + A
double replacement
cations and anions switch
AB + XY -> AY + XB (A and X are cations)
stoichiometry
the mole ratio from the balanced equation
limiting reactant
reactant that limits the amount of product in a chemical reaction
theoretical yield
maximum amount of product that can be made in a chemical reaction based on the limiting reactant
actual yield
amount of product actually produced in the chemical reaction
percent yield
percent of the theoretical yield actually obtained
%yield = actual/theo x 100%
in excess
reactants that don’t limit the amount of product
combustion reaction
reaction with O2 to form one of more O2-containing compounds. CO2 and H2O
alkali metal reactions
alkali metals react with halogens. very exothermic
what makes a salt?
a salt is always the product of a neutralization
arrhenius acid
chemical compound that increases the concentration of H+ in a solution
arrhenius base
substance that increases the concentration of OH- in a solution
weak acid
releases a few H+ in an aq solution
bronsted-lowry (B-L) acid
donates a proton/ H+
bronsted-lowry (B-L) base
accepts a proton/ H+
conjugate base
whatever is left of the acid after donating the proton/ H+
conjugate acid
the base after it accepts the proton/ H+
amphiprotic/amphoteric
can behave as either an B-L acid or base
autoionization of water
in any sample of water, some of the molecules perform acid-base reactions with eachother
