unit 4 vocab

Question 1

reactant

Answer 1

substance at the beginning of the reaction, the one that changes

Question 2

product

Answer 2

substance on the right side of the reaction, the substance formed

Question 3

yields (produces)

Answer 3

represented by the arrow

Question 4

diatomic molecules

Answer 4

Br I N Cl H O F

Question 5

synthesis

Answer 5

reaction with one product, the reactants combine
A + B -> AB

Question 6

decomposition

Answer 6

one reactant breaks apart
AB -> A + B

Question 7

single replacement

Answer 7

one element replaces another in a compound, only the anions switch
AX + B -> BX + A

Question 8

double replacement

Answer 8

cations and anions switch
AB + XY -> AY + XB (A and X are cations)

Question 9

stoichiometry

Answer 9

the mole ratio from the balanced equation

Question 10

limiting reactant

Answer 10

reactant that limits the amount of product in a chemical reaction

Question 11

theoretical yield

Answer 11

maximum amount of product that can be made in a chemical reaction based on the limiting reactant

Question 12

actual yield

Answer 12

amount of product actually produced in the chemical reaction

Question 13

percent yield

Answer 13

percent of the theoretical yield actually obtained
%yield = actual/theo x 100%

Question 14

in excess

Answer 14

reactants that don’t limit the amount of product

Question 15

combustion reaction

Answer 15

reaction with O2 to form one of more O2-containing compounds. CO2 and H2O

Question 16

alkali metal reactions

Answer 16

alkali metals react with halogens. very exothermic

Question 17

what makes a salt?

Answer 17

a salt is always the product of a neutralization

Question 18

arrhenius acid

Answer 18

chemical compound that increases the concentration of H+ in a solution

Question 19

arrhenius base

Answer 19

substance that increases the concentration of OH- in a solution

Question 20

weak acid

Answer 20

releases a few H+ in an aq solution

Question 21

bronsted-lowry (B-L) acid

Answer 21

donates a proton/ H+

Question 22

bronsted-lowry (B-L) base

Answer 22

accepts a proton/ H+

Question 23

conjugate base

Answer 23

whatever is left of the acid after donating the proton/ H+

Question 24

conjugate acid

Answer 24

the base after it accepts the proton/ H+

Question 25

amphiprotic/amphoteric

Answer 25

can behave as either an B-L acid or base

Question 26

autoionization of water

Answer 26

in any sample of water, some of the molecules perform acid-base reactions with eachother