unit 2 vocab

Question 1

polar covalent

Answer 1

bonds where electrons are not equally shared

Question 2

semimetal

Answer 2

metallic bonds where the electrons are more tightly held

Question 3

dipole arrow

Answer 3

points towards the more electronegative atom

Question 4

nonbonding atomic radius

Answer 4

distance between centers of adjacent atoms in direct contact but not bonded with eachother

Question 5

electron groups

Answer 5

general term for lone pairs, bonds, or lone electrons in a molecule

Question 6

covalent electronegativity

Answer 6

0 - < 0.5 change in EN

Question 7

polar covalent electronegativity

Answer 7

0.5 - <1.7 change in EN

Question 8

ionic electronegativity

Answer 8

1.7 + change in EN

Question 9

electron affinity

Answer 9

how easily an atom will accept an electron

Question 10

dipole moment

Answer 10

measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule

Question 11

percent ionic character

Answer 11

ratio of an atom’s actual dipole moment compared to the dipole moment it’d have if the electron completely transferred, x 100%

Question 12

debeye (D)

Answer 12

unit used to report dipole moments

Question 13

resonance structure

Answer 13

two or more valid lewis structures that ae shown with double-headed arrows to indicate the actual structure is intermediate between them

Question 14

formal charge

Answer 14

the charge an atom in a lewis structure would have if all the bonding electrons were shared equally between the bonded atoms

Question 15

resonance hybrid

Answer 15

the actual structure of an atom that’s intermediate between two or more resonance structures

Question 16

free radical

Answer 16

molecular ion with an odd number of electrons in its lewis structure

Question 17

alloy

Answer 17

beneficial mixture of metals

Question 18

primary metal

Answer 18

main part of an alloy

Question 19

impurity

Answer 19

additional part in an alloy

Question 20

interstitial alloy

Answer 20

atoms of impurity fit between the gaps of the primary metal

Question 21

substitutional alloy

Answer 21

atoms of impurity replace some of the primary metal

Question 22

chemical bonds

Answer 22

attraction between the molecules o fone atom and the electron(s) of another

Question 23

lattice energy

Answer 23

energy required to separate ions in an ionic bond

Question 24

bond energy

Answer 24

the energy required to break a mol of the bonds in a gaseous state.

Question 25

electron geometry

Answer 25

the geometrical arrangement of electron groups

Question 26

molecular geometry

Answer 26

the geometrical arrangement of the atoms in a molecule

Question 27

hybridization

Answer 27

a mathematical procedure that combines standard atomic orbitals to make hybrid orbitals to better reflect the actual electron distribution

Question 28

antibonding orbital

Answer 28

a molecular orbital that’s higher in energy than any o the atomic orbitals from which it was formed