UNIT 4- topic 5 Flashcards
Name the formal agencies of social control within the criminal justice system
- courts
- CPS
- police
- HM prison
- probation service
In terms of crime, what does social control actually mean?
- might involved prevention of crime by putting policies and strategies in place
- maintaining social control- control over society/ prisoners/ criminals
What are the two main tactics agencies use to stop people committing crime?
- environmental tactics
- behavioural tactics
What does it mean to ‘design out’ crime?
it is manipulating the environment, this happens in two ways;
- limiting an offender’s opportunity to offend
- allowing people control their spaces
Define indefensible spaces with examples
these are places in which no one takes responsibility for them, no one owns them, no one really wants to be there, and no one observes them .examples would be alleyways, public car parks, staircase and lifts
Define defensible spaces with examples. Make reference to the four characteristics of a defensible space
they are owned, they are observed and they often have lots of people around to take responsibility for what happens there. These include; public parks in the day, offices, shopping centres, houses in cul-de-sacs. the four things they have are; territoriality, natural surveillance, safe image, safe location
What does CPTED stand for and what does it involve?
crime prevention through environmental design. The logic of designing out crime and defensible spaces has been used by criminologists and agencies of social control to devise policies and strategies to reduce the amount of crime. It has been formally called CPTED by criminologist C.R Jeffrey. Some of the ideas of CPTED were influenced by Wilson and Kelling’s broken windows theory. broken windows theory is once the window has been broken they don’t feel the need to take care/ maintain the image.
Identify the five key principles of CPTED and five specific strategies used to prevent crime by manipulating the environment
- natural surveillance
- natural access control
- territorial reinforcement
- maintenance
- target hardening
what does natural surveillance mean in CPTED
They will keep areas well lit. In particular, building entrances should be bright at all times and provide a clear line of sight from both inside and outside. Eliminate hiding spots. Cut down hedges and remove trees, bushes, fences, dumpsters, etc. that create blind spots or hiding places. The result of this is that A potential offender should feel like they are being watched, and that the surroundings offer no easy escape routes.
what does natural access point mean in CPTED
They will Use maze entrances in public lobbies. The goal is to cut off straight-line access to a potential target, such as a bank teller or cashier. We’re not talking about barbed wire – even tension barriers that have to be jumped or navigated around can discourage the bad guys. Use curbing and landscaping to direct automobile and foot traffic into a controlled, visible area. As a result of this, a criminal should never feel like they have the upper hand when approaching a facility.
what does territorial reinforcement mean in CPTED
they will Make sure security signage is clearly visible at all entrances.Implement a visitor badging system, and make sure that all visitors are properly escorted. the result is Employees gain a feeling that “this is my space,” while intruders are immediately put on the defensive.
what does maintenance mean in CPTED
A well-maintained area sends the message that people notice and care about what happens in an area. This, in turn, discourages vandalism and other crimes. Security practitioners refer to the “Broken Windows Theory,” the idea that one broken window will entice vandals to break another. A vandalized area then becomes more inviting to higher levels of crime. A property should be well-maintained as a matter of safety as well as pride.
what does target hardening mean in CPTED
This simply means making a building more difficult to forcibly enter. The use of deadbolt locks is one example of target hardening. To be effective, the locks should have hardened steel bolts extending at least one inch into the door jamb. When deadbolts are installed on a wooden frame door, the screws that fasten the strikes should also penetrate at least one inch into the door frame. Medeco’s Maxum Deadbolt is the standard for this type of high-security lock
Explain the concept of displacement. How is it a criticism of CPTED and environmental tactics of social control
it doesn’t reduce crime it just displaces it. if crime becomes harder the criminal (according to rational choice theory) should target a less hard area. there are different forms of displacement and these are;
- spatial (place)
- temporal (time)
- target (different victim)
- tactical (method used)
- functional (type of crime)
How do you think that behaviour tactics to achieve social control differ from environmental
These are tactics from agencies of social control that aim to actively change the behaviour of offenders to stop them offending.
