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CRIMINOLOGY TEST > UNIT 3 > Flashcards

UNIT 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main responsibilities of the CPS

A

are to provide legal advice to the police and other investigative agencies during the course of criminal investigations, to decide whether a suspect should face criminal charges following an investigation.

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2
Q

what do the CPS do

A

they decide if the case has enough evidence to charge them.

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3
Q

what would be the aim of the CPS

A

be to get a conviction and get the offender sentenced.

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4
Q

when was the CPS established

A

1986

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5
Q

what is the CPS primarily made up of and what do they act as in cases

A

lawyers (solicitors and barristers) who act as prosecutors in criminal cases.

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6
Q

are the CPS an independent body

A

yes

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7
Q

what are the 5 functions of the CPS

A
  • they advise the police in the early stages of an investigation, such as what evidence may be required
  • decide the appropriate charge or charges for a suspect, by independently assessing the evidence available
  • prepares and presents cases for court when prosecution has occurred
  • additionally provide support for victims and witnesses
  • prosecutors must be fair, impartial and objective
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8
Q

what does the The Prosecution Of Offences Act 1985 mean for the CPS

A

This is an act that legally established the cps. it outlines the initial role of the cps.

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9
Q

why is the criminal justice act 2003 important to the cps

A

it lays out any key rules, instructions and processes regarding criminal justice eg arrests, bail, cautions, appeals, charging. The charging role of the cps is laid out in part 4 of this act it includes how the charges should be decided, how the suspect will be notified of charges, the relationship between the cps, police and court system.

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10
Q

what does evidence have to be to be considered admissible

A

valid, reliable, credible and relevant

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11
Q

What does the CPS has to think about when deciding whether or not it is worth prosecuting offences

A

They need to decide whether or not it is in the public’s interest to prosecute, this is if the trial will cost a lot of money, is this person a threat to society. evidence needs to be good enough to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt for a secure conviction.

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12
Q

what is the full code test made up of

A

the evidential test and the public interest test

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13
Q

what does the evidential test look at

A

the evidence that would be presented and would be testimonial and physical evidence. and then they would look and decide to see if it is enough to prosecute.

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14
Q

what does validity mean

A

is it accurate? it is forensic evidence or just witness statements

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15
Q

what does reliability mean

A

is the evidence consistent? do all the pieces of evidence marry up together

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16
Q

what does credibility mean

A

can it be believed and trusted? who is giving the evidence, are they someone you can trust? for example are you lying, are you the best mate of the suspect

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17
Q

what does relevant mean

A

does the evidence connect to the case?

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18
Q

how is the evidential test is used

A

it is where prosecutors have to decide if there is a realistic chance of conviction of a suspect. it is more likely that an impartial jury or magistrate would find the defendant guilty.

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19
Q

What is meant by public interest?

A

This is if the conviction will benefit the public by protecting them from the offender committing the offence again.

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20
Q

what are the six questions the CPS have to consider to decide whether it is in the public interest to prosecute

A

1) .how serious the offence is
2) . what is the suspects level of culpability
3) .what harm has the victim suffered
4) .suspects age and maturity
5) .what is the impact on offending within the community
6) .is prosecution a proportionate response

21
Q

what is the threshold test

A

when there is not enough evidence to suggest a court is likely to convict, but there is reasonable suspicion of guilt or substantial risk, if the suspect is not in custody.

22
Q

what does charging under the threshold test allow for the police

A

allows for a suspect to be charged, held, and further evidence gathered that is not available when the suspect is due to be released from custody.

23
Q

when are the 4 when it might be necessary to charge a suspect using the Threshold Test?

A
  • reasonable grounds that the suspect committed the offence
  • reason to believe that further evidence can be obtained that would pass the evidential test
  • serious enough crime to justify charging immediately
  • public interest and substantial grounds to object bail
24
Q

what are the 2 types of courts

A
  • appellate courts

- courts of the first instance

25
Q

what are the 2 courts of the first instance in the UK

A
  • magistrates

- crown

26
Q

what are the two appellate courts in the UK

A
  • court of appeal

- supreme

27
Q

how many magistrates are there

A

3

28
Q

what is the magistrates role within a court

A

The magistrate hears all the evidence within the case and then the prosecuting officer has to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the offender is guilty

29
Q

what offences do magistrates court deal with

A

it is a summary offence and either way offences.

30
Q

who decides the verdict and who sentences the offender in a magistrate court

A

The magistrates decide the verdict.. They also sentence the offender

31
Q

what is the role of the legal adviser in magistrate court

A

they makes sure everything runs smoothly and makes sure that only admissible evidence is presented to the court.

32
Q

what is the role of the usher in a magistrate court

A

makes sure all witnesses have said their summons, hand round paper to the court.

33
Q

what are the two automatic rights of appeal in a magistrate court

A

Against your conviction (as long as you plead not guilty)

Against your sentence

34
Q

how many days do you have to appeal from a magistrate court

A

21

35
Q

if the appeal is accepted from a magistrate court, where will the appeal be held and who will be there

A

the appeal will be heard in a re-trial in the Crown Court by a judge and two magistrates

36
Q

what three things can the court do in an appeal

A
  • Uphold (confirm) or quash (dismiss) your conviction
  • Convict you of a lesser or greater charge
  • Reduce or increase your sentence
37
Q

If you lose an appeal of your conviction or sentence from a case that was initially heard at the Magistrates’ Court and still want to appeal

A

you must be granted leave (permission) to do so and it has to be on a point of law

38
Q

how many jurors are there

A

12

39
Q

who is there in a crown court

A
  • judge
  • jury
  • prosecution and defence barristers
  • solicitors
  • usher
  • clerk
40
Q

who decided the verdict in a crown court?

A

jury

41
Q

why does the jury give the verdict in a crown court

A

due to trial by peers

42
Q

do offenders have the automatic right to appeal in a crown court

A

no

43
Q

what grounds can you appeal from a crown court

A
  • An error in law by a judge that resulted in a conviction
  • A belief the conviction was the result of inappropriate behaviour from the jury
  • A belief that the sentence was unduly harsh
  • Disclosure errors
  • The revelation of misconduct during the investigation
  • There is new or compelling evidence of the defendant’s innocence
44
Q

when can the prosecution appeal from a crown court

A
  • An error in law by a judge resulted in a dismissal
  • A belief there was acquittal as a result jury tampering
  • A belief that the sentence was unduly lenient
  • There is new or compelling evidence of the defendant’s guilt (only applies to very serious cases)
45
Q

where are the appeals heard if the case was heard in the crown court

A

court of appeal

46
Q

what three things can the court of appeal do

A
  • Order a retrial
  • Quash a conviction (get rid of the conviction)
  • Decrease a sentence
47
Q

what is the highest court

A

supreme court

48
Q

who is in the supreme court

A

12 lords

49
Q

what cases do the supreme court deal with

A

cases that are particularly unique (they have not been able to be resolved in lower courts). It is normally where a point of law of significant importance to the general public is at stake eg. high level governmental corruption/misconduct

CRIMINOLOGY TEST (7 decks)

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