UNIT 4 (topic 4) genetic diversity Flashcards
1
Q
define the term interspecific variation
A
variation between individuals of different species (a cat varies from a dog)
2
Q
define the term intraspecific variation
A
variation between individuals of the same species - different alleles of the same gene ( a poodle varies from a spaniel)
3
Q
what is discontinuous/ categoric variation
A
- individuals fall ingo one category or another
- mainly caused by genetics
- usually controlled by a couple of alleles of one or two genes
4
Q
what is continuous variation
A
- continuum between two extremes
- controlled by interactions between many genes and the environment
5
Q
examples of discontinuous variation
A
ability to roll tongue, extra finger or toe, gender
6
Q
examples of continuous variation
A
height, mass, skin colour
7
Q
what are the two causes of variation
A
genetic and environmental
8
Q
what are the factors that result in genetic variation
A
- mutation (changes sequence of DNA, new allele
- meiosis (independent segregation/ chiasma)
- random fertilisation of gametes
9
Q
what is standard deviation
A
- spread of data around the mean
- smaller SD = less variation = less spread out
