UNIT 4 (topic 1) DNA and chromosomes

Question 1

describe a gene

Answer 1

section of DNA that contains a sequence of bases that codes for a sequence of amino acids, that codes for a protein

Question 2

how many triplet codes are there

Answer 2

64 different codes

Question 3

define the term degenerate code

Answer 3

more than one triplet code for the same amino acid

Question 4

define the term genome

Answer 4

complete set of genes in a cell, including those in the mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 5

define the term proteome

Answer 5

full range of proteins produced by genomes

Question 6

define the term homologous pairs

Answer 6

• pair of chromosomes, one from the mother, one from the father
• carry the same gene but not always the same allele of the gene

Question 7

what protein is associated with DNA in eukaryotic

Answer 7

histones

Question 8

what are the differences with eukaryotic DNA and prokaryotic DNA

Answer 8

eukaryotic - long, linear, found in the nucleus, associated with histones
prokaryotic - short, circular, found free in the cytoplasm, not associated with proteins

Question 9

how many chromosomes do humans have and what is the scientific term

Answer 9

46 - diploid number (the amount of chromosomes found in different species)

Question 10

what is RNA used for

Answer 10

transports and codes for proteins