Unit 4: The Quantum Model of the Atom and Periodic Properties Flashcards
The Heisenburg Uncertainty Principle
You cannot determine both the speed and the location of a particular electron at the same time.
DeBroglie
Using Bohr’s model of the atom, he investigated the photoelectric effect and determined that electrons had wave-like behavior along with particle behavior, and this wave-like behavior gave them a certain frequency.
Photoelectric Effect
the energy given off when light strikes metal
Erwin Schrodinger
developed an equation that treated electrons in atoms as waves and this, along with Heisenburg’s research, laid the foundation to the Quantum Theory
Max Planck
suggested that hot objects emit energy in small, specific amounts called Quanta
Albert Einstein
capitalized on Planck’s suggestion with the idea that electromagnetic radiation had wavelike properties, that particles will “stream” and that each particle of light carries a certain quantum of energy
Quantum Theory
gives us a mathematical description of the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles
Principle Quantum Number
indicates the size of the atom and is symbolized using the letter “n”. “n” can be determined by locating the row the element is on as placed on the periodic table
Azimuthal/Angular Momentum Quantum Number
indicates the sub levels of the main energy levels and is symbolized by the letter “l”. Also symbolized by the letters “s”, “p”, “d”, “f”, “g”, etc.
Magnetic Quantum Number
indicates the orientation of the electrons on an “x”, “y”, “z” axis and is symbolized by the letter “m”.
Spin Quantum Number
indicates the direction in which the electrons are traveling, +1/2 or -1/2 or by using alternating arrows.
Hund’s Rule
electrons will remain unpaired as long as possible, because they have the same charge, and that like-charge will cause repulsion and excess energy. When filling sub levels, electrons will alternate spaces to put as much distance between each other before pairing
Electron Configuration Notation (ECN)
a shorthand method used to write the electron configuration of elements
Shorthand ECN
uses noble gas to represent sub levels that are perfectly filled
Valence
electrons found in the last main level of an atom