Unit 4 Test Review Flashcards
It is very common for preschoolers to struggle with their ability to act independently. What term describes their desire to act more independently?
Autonomy
Erik Erikson was an important psychologist, best known for his theory about the stages of _____________ development.
Psychosocial
If someone is loyal to themselves, their beliefs, and to others, you might say that they have:
Fidelity
What age group exhibits the following characteristics of psychosocial development?
-Responses are reflexes
-Completely self-centered
-Notices changes
-Remembers responses and their results
Toddlers
What term refers to the interrelationship of social and individual behavior and thought?
Social Psychology
From the time an infant is born up to four weeks of age, they are referred to as a(n):
Neonate
As we age, our bodies ____________and we need more healthcare.
Weaken/deteriorate
As toddlers learn how to do new things, it is important that caregivers are not overly critical of them. It’s important that toddlers do not develop self-doubt and that they continue to develop the virtue of ______ that is inherent in this age.
Will/Motivation
As toddlers learn how to do new things, it is important that caregivers are not overly critical of them. It’s important that toddlers do not develop self-doubt and that they continue to develop the virtue of ______ that is inherent in this age.
Will/Motivation
If you break down the word psychosocial, what does the ‘social’ portion of the word mean?
of or relating to human society, the interaction of the individual and the group, or the welfare of human beings as members of society
Once a person has all of the necessary physiological needs, they may feel motivated to look for the next level of needs, which are:
Safety Needs
The transition from living with ones’ parents to independence can cause young adults to neglect __________________ needs that are often part of the phase of learning to access the appropriate care without prompting from parents.
Essential/health
Right after birth, it is common for neonates to lose up to 10 percent of their body weight. This is because:
Babies are born with extra fluid
What title and age does the following description refer to, according to Erikson?
“To successfully establish deep and honest friendships and romance, completing the previous stage is necessary or an individual may struggle to form intimate connections. But once this conflict has been worked through, the virtue of love can be attained.”
18-40; intimacy & isolation
The preschool age period sees the rise of importance of people of the same age, rank, or level to the preschooler and this age group learns a lot about the world through their curiosity and interaction with others like them. What term refers to these individuals of the same age, rank or level?
Peers
Maria’s daughter is exhibiting the following developmental characteristics and steps:
-Quick changes of mood
-Walking and talking begin and/or improve
-Sense of independence develops
-Experiences separation anxiety when away from family
Toddler (1-2 years)
What stage in life is defined by the following physical changes:
-Growth is uneven, causing clumsiness
-Rapid growth slows
-Changes of puberty occur
-Wisdom teeth grow in
Teen/Young Adult
The emotional landscape of the teen years can be very rocky for many individuals, which means that teenagers often have the need for:
Stability
As children move through the stages of life, from being a toddler to preschool age to school age, they are constantly struggling for more and more independence, or the ability to make decisions for themselves. What is this independence called?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
The years of highest earnings, most influence, and the ability to find wisdom and comfort in living a good life belong to what age groups?
Middle Age/Close to retirement 45-65
What term refers to the chemical processes that occur in living things?
Metabolism
The coordination between the__________ system and the muscles and bones improves to the point where toddlers walk, run, and control their bodily functions.
Nervous
What age group is characterized by developing a sense of accomplishment and testing out values and beliefs?
School-aged Children
What do we call the psychological theory of how people are motivated to meet their most basic physical needs before seeking to meet their emotional needs that can apply to any stage of development?
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
What term refers to the ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently?
Coordination
When babies are cold or hungry, how do they typically communicate this?
Noises/Gestures
What term refers to basic survival needs like air, food, water, shelter, clothing, and sleep?
Psychological
What was Erik Erikson’s idea behind his theory on the stages of psychosocial development?
Personality develops in different stages
What term describes a good quality or behavior demonstrating high moral character?
Virtue
Social and emotional health depends to a large extent on our ability to ________ with people around us.
Interact
Sucking a breast or bottle for feeding and grasping an adult finger with their hands are examples of__________ that a neonate is born with.
Reflexes
What age group typically needs less direct care but more support as they explore their independence and stimulating activities and exposure to develop their coordination and their language skills?
Preschool
What age group is more delicate and susceptible to diseases than others and has important developmental milestones that need to be checked to intervene early if problems are occurring?
Neonates/infants
What are some common characteristics of psychosocial development in toddlers, ages one to two years?
Independence; Expressions/feelings
According to Erikson, what stage in life has the possible virtue of gaining fidelity—loyalty to oneself, one’s beliefs, and to others?
Adulthood, 12-18
Older adults can look back on their accomplishments in life and feel a sense of fulfillment and contentedness, knowing they have lived a life of integrity. This is balanced with some feelings of despair caused by failures, but the ability to accept that one’s life was purposeful if not perfect allows the development of what virtue?
Virtue of Purpose/ wisdom
School-age children are starting to look more like small adults as their change(s).
Abilities/proportions
In addition to the needs being met for ieach stage of life, we can identify six dimensions that contribute to wellbeing and health. What are these six dimensions?
Emotional, Occupational, Physical, Social, Intellectual, and Spiritual
Decline in physical strength, lower endurance, and health condition declines are all common physical growth characteristics of what age group?
65+ years
Once a person has all of their necessary physiological needs and has met all of their safety and security needs, what needs will they likely seek to fulfill next?
Love and belonging
What concept has to do with the state of being happy, healthy and able to reach one’s potential and is essential when talking about health?
Wellbeing
What are some common reasons that people who are middle aged or older adults might experience grief and loneliness?
Loss of family/ability, Illness, Loneliness
For school-aged children, an inability to succeed at skills that are valued by peers can result in feelings of:
Failure
Erikson’s psychological theory can be a useful tool when thinking about how people __________ in life.
Develop
Without _________ health, all the other aspects of wellbeing can deteriorate as well.
Mental
Why do pregnant women tend to need extra medical checkups?
To ensure the baby is okay, developing well, and to make sure the mother is doing okay as well.
Communication develops along with other parts of the person, and human interaction is an integral part of health and wellbeing.
True
Healthcare needs vary throughout the lifespan for each individual, but on the whole, toddlers and teenagers require more intensive care to remain well physically than any other age group
False, changes for ages
Young children are fast-developing sponges that easily absorb cues from their environments.
True
Infants will need to be brought in to see the doctor for regular checkups much less often than healthy adults.
False, infants need more
Healthcare incorporates the physical, mental, emotional, and developmental aspects of wellness, and needs will change throughout a person’s lifetime.
True
Looking at developmental stages, physical growth periods, and psychosocial phases will give us a very good picture of the changes happening at each different age in life.
True
Infancy is a time when parents or caregivers have very little influence on the mental and physical development of a child.
False, it’s the opposite
Toddlers need less care than infants, but they need rules, guidance, and a safe home to help them explore in the ways that will benefit their development
True
Infants need less direct care than preschoolers, but they need support as they explore their independence, and they need stimulating activities and exposure to develop their coordination, their language skills, and so forth.
False, it’s the opposite
People of all ages have needs for good nutrition, social interaction, safety from wars or dangers, and, also, healthcare to help them through any illnesses or difficulties with their development.
True
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development suggests that if a person has not completely worked through the conflict in one stage of development, they will be unable to work it out later in life.
True
Self-knowledge will not help you understand others
FALSE, knowing more about yourself often helps you understand those around you.
As people age, they may see friends, family members, and spouses die and experience grief and loneliness.
True
When we talk about healthcare, it is only the care of the body, it does not include the psychological wellbeing of a person.
False, it does include the psychological well-being
Young adulthood is a relatively healthy period for most, though adults still need to come in for yearly checkups.
True
The healthy development of an individual continues even if all the needs are not met at each stage.
True
Children have needs for immunizations and annual checkups once they have passed their infancy.
True
Erik Erikson’s theory is the only theory that exists about how people develop socially and psychologically.
FALSE, he isn’t the only one who has theory’s that extort about social and psychological development
Adolescents need constant care, food, warmth, and attention
False, this is explaining infants
