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Health Science > Unit 3 Test Review > Flashcards

Unit 3 Test Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What term describes the study of the chemistry and physics of the structure of the body and how these processes work together to form a living organism?

A

Physiology

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2
Q

Ninety-nine percent of the human body is composed of these six types of _________: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus.

A

elements

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3
Q

The structures of your body form a system that ranks items according to specific criteria that can be thought of like a ladder. What term BEST describes this system or ladder?

A

hierarchy

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4
Q

When thinking of the hierarchy of the structures of the body as a ladder, we know that the bottom rung is made up of atoms. The next step up the ladder is where many molecules group together to make the smallest unit of living matter called a cell. What is this level called?

A

cellular level

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5
Q

A cell is considered both a structure and a functional unit which means that the parts work together in what two ways?

A

chemically and physically

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6
Q

When examining an animal cell, what part controls the activity of the cell and can be thought of as the cell “brain”?

A

nucleus

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7
Q

What specific type of tissue acts as a pathway to allow communication between different regions of the body?

A

nervous tissue

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8
Q

Atoms that are chemically bound together are called:

A

molecules

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9
Q

On the hierarchy ladder of body systems, after the tissue rung the next rung is composed of structures made up of two or more types of tissue that perform a specific function of the body, like the heart, lungs, liver, brain, bladder, stomach, kidneys, and so on. What term BEST describes this rung on the ladder?

A

organ

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10
Q

The digestive system includes a group of organs working together to digest the food you eat and provide energy and nutrients to your body. What are several organs that are part of the digestive system and its processes?

A

the mouth, stomach, large, and small intestines

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11
Q

What term refers to the top rung of the structural ladder?

A

whole organism

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12
Q

What kind of tissue can be described as a membrane or skin that covers the outside of the body and the surfaces of organs within the body?

A

epithelial tissue

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13
Q

The body processes are all geared towards keeping the body at a healthy:

A

equilibrium

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14
Q

What do we call the smallest unit of living matter?

A

cell

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15
Q

What is one very helpful way that cells keep the right balance of molecules in order to function well and maintain homeostasis?

A

permeability

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16
Q

Physiology examines how the parts of the body work together to form a healthy, living, whole:

A

human body

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17
Q

What term refers to pathways that communicate the status and send signals to change the status if it is out of balance?

A

feedback loop

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18
Q

What term refers to the tendency towards a reasonably stable inner environment in a living organism?

A

homeostasis

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19
Q

What three parts of the feedback loop are constantly working to keep the balance of all the different processes in your body?

A

sensors, control, effecters

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20
Q

Something that monitors a particular process to detect change such as nerve cells on the skin that feel temperature or chemical receptors that detect the amount of sugar in your blood can be referred to as:

A

control/receptor

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21
Q

What is the scientific word for how the body keeps checks on the temperature, done primarily through the skin, with sweating to release heat, widening or narrowing the blood vessels near the surface, or by insulating with the fat under the skin?

A

thermoregulation

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22
Q

After sensors in the body detect a change, where do they send the signal so that the information can be compared to the normal range and change can be activated, if necessary?

A

the brain

23
Q

Ribosomes are structures that make:

A

proteins

24
Q

What process involves the movement of water through a membrane to make the concentration of water and minerals equal on both sides of the membrane?

A

osmosis

25
Q

What is the primary way that keeping the blood sugar in balance is achieved?

A

insulin

26
Q

Osmoregulation in the body involves expelling water, salts, and other minerals from the body to keep the concentrations in the body at the right measurements and is mostly done by what two organs?

A

kidneys

27
Q

What force from outside the body influences movement by pulling everything and everybody down towards the center of the earth?

A

gravity

28
Q

Start with a straight arm and bend it at the elbow so that your hand touches your shoulder, then, straighten your arm again. What three internal forces make this movement possible?

A

ligament, muscles, and bones

29
Q

What term refers to the study of the function and structure of movement of the body, specifically how the laws of mechanics apply?

A

physics

30
Q

The words: flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, and adduction describe:

A

types of movement

31
Q

What medical term can be used to describe the nose as being positioned higher on the body?

A

superior

32
Q

In body movement, force can be a push, which creates _____, or a pull, which creates_____.

A

inertia

33
Q

What term refers to a part that can be added to the end of a word and often indicates a procedure, condition, or disease?

A

suffix

34
Q

What term refers to the study of body movement including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to produce movement?

A

biomechanics

35
Q

How can you correctly break down the word ‘cardiomyopathy’ into parts that will help you determine the meaning of the word?

A

cardio- heart, myo- muscles, pathy- disease. heart muscles disease

36
Q

What does the root word ‘Encephal/o’ mean?

A

brain

37
Q

What do we need to be able to know in order to describe a movement?

A

action and movement quality

38
Q

_________ is good for health, increasing blood circulation, stimulating digestion, and helping toxins to move out of your body.

A

water

39
Q

What medical term describes the position on a limb that is closer to where the limb attaches to the body?

A

proximal

40
Q

What term refers to abbreviations made by using the first letter of each word in a phrase, such as COPD which stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?

A

initialism

41
Q

In an animal cell, what term refers to a semifluid material inside the cell, surrounding all the other parts of the cell?

A

cytoplasm

42
Q

Dr. Miller just finished seeing a patient and has taken a few notes using acronyms and left them for the nurse. Read the following notes and decide how to properly decipher them: (write out all the abbreviations and symbols)

A
43
Q

The patient is A&O, waiting on CBC, not taking any OTC meds, Sm. ↓ pain in lower back.

A

patient is alert and oriented, waiting on complete blood count, not taking any over-the-counter meds. semi-mobile, pain in lower back.

44
Q

What is the purpose behind learning all of the various medical terminology?

A

allows all medical professionals to understand each other and communicate efficiently

45
Q

The ______ part of your arm would be your fingers.

A

distal

46
Q

_______________________ are crucial written documentation of the patient’s condition, complaint, and the observations of the medical professional.

A

medical records

47
Q

What kind of tissue responds to stimulation and can contract?

A

muscle tissue

48
Q

What term refers to the digital version of a patient chart, including all necessary information?

A

electronic medical records (EMRs)

49
Q

In addition to abbreviations, there are some symbols that are commonly used, like a “+” sign or a “-” sign, to note that something is:

A

connected. The plus sign is used to separate different parts of the word and the dash is used for suffixes and prefixes

50
Q

Identify each type of tissue in the four images below.Four color images depict the types of tissue

A

consecutive tissue

51
Q

Identify each type of tissue in the four images below.Four color images depict the types of tissue

A

epithelial tissue

52
Q

Identify each type of tissue in the four images below.Four color images depict the types of tissue

A

muscle tissue

53
Q

Identify each type of tissue in the four images below.Four color images depict the types of tissue

A

nervous tissue

Health Science (19 decks)

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