Unit 4 - Sport Psychology Flashcards
What is a skill
Learned action to bring about the result you want with certainty and minimum effort
What is the environmental continuum
Open - closed
What is the difficulty continuum
Basic - Complex
What is the organisational continuum
Low - High
What is an open skill
Open skills = skill performed in an unpredictable changing environment, they have to react and adapt to changing situation e.g teammates or opposition
What is a closed skill
Skill performed in a a predictable environment which stays the same. Performer doesn’t have to adapt
E.g free throw in basketball
What is a basic skill
Simple skill requiring little concentration to execute
Do not include complicated movements
More general skills
E,g running, catching a ball
What is a complex skill
Skill requiring a lot of attention and concentration
Include complicated movements
Tend to be sports specific
E,g diving combination, high jump
What is a low organisation skills
Made up of multiple subroutines that can be broken down easily into different parts
Parts can be practised separately
E,g swimming , long jump
What is a high organisational skill
Skill that cannot be broken down easily and practised in parts because the phases of the skill are closely linked e,g golf swing ,
Types of guidance
Visual, verbal, manual, mechanical
What is visual guidance
Involves coach showing a picture demonstration or video that the performer can copy
What is verbal guidance
Involves coach speaking to performer to give instructions or feedback
What is manual guidance
Coach physically supports the performer to move them into position
What is mechanical guidance
Involves the use of an object or device to support performer e.g swimmer with float to learn kicking legs
Advantages and disadvantages of visual guidance
Advantages - can copy, can be done in large groups, good for beginners, provides learner with a mental image of skill
Disadvantages - time consuming, videos are expensive, complex movements are difficult to recognise
Advantages and disadvantages of verbal guidance
Advantages - instructions can be given quickly, no equipment, good for more experienced performers
Disadvantages- some movements are difficult to explain, can be overwhelming with too much info
Advantages and disadvantages of manual guidance
Advantages- can get a feel for movement , builds confidence, can help break down movement
Disadvantages- performer can become dependent on support, can only be used 1 on 1, feeling is not same as actually doing skill unaided
Advantages and disadvantages of mechanical guidance
Advantages- reduces danger, builds confidence, get a feel for movement
Disadvantages- performer can become dependant on support, cannot be used in large groups, incorrect feel can lead to incorrect movement being learned
What is fixed practise structure
Training focus on relating one closed skill repeatedly until it is perfected
What is variable practise structures
Training focuses on practising an open skill in different situations
What is massed practise structure
Long practise periods without rest skill is repeated constantly, good for elite motivated athletes
What is distributed practise structure
Technique where practise occurs in short session over a long period of time with lots of breaks
Advantages and disadvantages of fixed practise
A- specific errors can be eradicated from technique
D- it requires a lot of motivation to maintain focus and concentrate
Advantages and disadvantages of variable practise
A- skill can be adapted and altered depending on situation
D- session need to replicate a game situation as close as possible
Advantages and disadvantages of massed practise
A- good fitness level, improves consistency
D- boredom, lack of concentration
Advantages and disadvantages of distributed
A- receive feedback, rest intervals, reduces boredom, allows recovery
D- time consuming, have to re introduce skills after break
What are the 4 types of practise structures
Massed, distributed, fixed, variable
What are the 4 types of feedback
Intrinsic, extrinsic, concurrent, terminal
What is extrinsic feedback
Comes from coach/ peer/ observer
Essential for beginners
What is intrinsic feedback
Comes from within linked to how movement feels
Used by experienced performers as they know how the skill should feel
What is concurrent feedback
During performance
Can be acted on immediately
What is terminal feedback
After performance
Tends be reflected of while performance
Why should you review Smart targets after second set of fitness tests
Progress can be checked
Which enables them to adapt his training accordingly
Which will motivate them to
Why is goal setting important
-improves motivation
-allows assessment of progress over time
-something to aim for
Definition of sportsmanship
Following the rules and respecting opposition
Characteristics of a complex skill
-require more thought and concentration
-require more practise
Benefits of mental rehearsal
Reduces anxiety, improves confidence
Advantages of intrinsic feedback
Experienced performers have developed knowledge of how movement feels
Able to self correct and assess because of their experience
Disadvantages of intrinsic feedback
Inexperienced performers will not be able to rely on this
Don’t have developed knowledge
Advantages of extrinsic feedback
Good for less experienced performers
Coach can relay what performer has done right and wrong
Disadvantages of extrinsic feedback
Need a coach or additional person with you
Advantages of concurrent feedback
If activity lasts long enough performer can make adjustments
Coach can verbally instruct them to make a change
Disadvantages of concurrent feedback
For short events performer cannot make changes
Cannot do this for complex skills
In loud environments you may not be able to hear
Advantages of terminal feedback
Coach could talk performer through what they did or watch a replay
Many sports teams run full video analysis
Disadvantages of terminal feedback
Can only happen at the end of the performance which means cannot change the match
