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Pe > Unit 1- Applied Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Unit 1- Applied Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Function of skeletal system

A
  1. Joints for movement
  2. Protection of vital organs
  3. Muscle attachment
  4. Blood production
  5. Mineral storage
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2
Q

Different type of bones in body

A

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular

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3
Q

Example of long bone

A

Humerus, tibia, femur

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4
Q

Example of short bones

A

Carpel bones in hand

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5
Q

Example of flat bones

A

Rib cage, sternum, scapula

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6
Q

Example of irregular bones

A

Vertebrae, pelvis

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7
Q

What is a joint

A

Where two bones meet

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8
Q

What is flexion

A

Closing a joint ( elbow for a basketball throw)

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9
Q

What is extension

A

Opening a joint (kicking a football)

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10
Q

What is adduction

A

Moving towards an imaginary centre line (swinging a golf club)

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11
Q

What is abduction

A

Moving away from imaginary centre line (taking back tennis racket before swinging)

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12
Q

What is rotation of a joint

A

Clockwise or anti-clockwise movement of a limb ( shoulder movement during a top spin forehand in tennis)

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13
Q

What is circumduction

A

Movement of limb in a circular motion ( bowling a cricket bowl)

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14
Q

What is plantar flexion

A

Extension at ankle (pointing during gymnastics)

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15
Q

What is dorsiflexion

A

Flexion at the ankle (lifting toes during gymnastics)

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16
Q

What are the types of joint

A

Hinge, ball and socket, condyloid, pivot

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17
Q

What is anaerobic energy

A

Respiration without oxygen, lactic acid build up in muscles
Example- snooker, boccia

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18
Q

What is aerobic energy

A

Respiration with oxygen, avoids build up of lactic acid, can work for longer
Example- long distance runner, football player

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19
Q

Long term effect of cardiovascular system

A

Decrease in resting heart rate
Increased no of red blood cells
Increase recovery time

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20
Q

Long term effects of respiratory system

A

Increased tidal volume, increased number of alveoli

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21
Q

Long term effects of muscular system

A

Increased muscular strength
Increased tolerance to lactic acid

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22
Q

Long term effects on skeletal system

A

Increased bone density, increased strength of tendons and ligaments

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23
Q

Short term effects of respiratory system

A

Breathing increases= allows more oxygen in and co2 out

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24
Q

Short term effects of cardiovascular system

A

Increase in stroke volume = pump more oxygenated blood to muscles to prevent fatiguing

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25
Q

Short term effect of muscular system

A

Sweat rate increases= way of cooling down body

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26
Q

What are the types of muscles

A

Voluntary, involuntary, cardiac

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27
Q

What is a cardiac muscle

A

Found only heart, automatically contract or relax

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28
Q

What is an involuntary muscle

A

Not under your control, automatically contract or relax, found in organ and blood vessel walls so constrict and dilate

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29
Q

What is a voluntary muscle

A

Under your control, you choose when to control or relax, involved in movements of body , skeletal muscles

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30
Q

Does contraction shorten or lengthen muscle

A

Shorten

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31
Q

Does relaxation shorten or lengthen muscle

A

Lengthen

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32
Q

What is type 1 muscles fibres

A

Aerobic exercise example 10,000m

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33
Q

What is type IIa muscle fibres

A

Anaerobic exercise, example team sports

34
Q

What is type IIx

A

Anaerobic exercise, very fast speed, example 100m, large amount of force produced

35
Q

Function of cardiovascular system

A

Transport of o2 and glucose, temperature control (blood vessel vasoldilates, blood is cooled when closer to skin), clotting (platelets stick together creating a scab)

36
Q

Components of blood

A

Plasma 55%, white blood cells, platelets 4%, red blood cells 41%

37
Q

Function of plasma

A

Regulates body temperature

38
Q

Function of white blood cells

A

Fight diseases and infections

39
Q

Function of platelets

A

Seal wounds through scabs and blood clots

40
Q

Function red blood cells

A

Contain haemoglobin which binds o2 and carries it around body

41
Q

What is vascular shunting

A

Redistribution of blood, where blood is directed from inactive to active areas

42
Q

What is vasodilation

A

Widening of lumen, supplying oxygenated blood to active areas

43
Q

Function of vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of lumen, supplying oxygenated blood to inactive areas

44
Q

What is tendons

A

Join muscle to bone

45
Q

What muscle contracts to bring about extension at the hip

A

Gluteus Maximus

46
Q

What is the blood pressure as it leaves the heart

A

High

47
Q

What is cardiac output

A

Amount of blood leaving heart per minute

48
Q

What is stroke volume

A

Amount of blood leaving heart per beat

49
Q

What is tidal capacity

A

Amount of air breathed in and out during normal breathing

50
Q

Movement of gases in the alveoli

A

Diffusion = Oxygen out carbon dioxide in

51
Q

Role of ligaments

A

Tissue that joins bone to bone reducing risk of injury during play

52
Q

Why cardiovascular system needs to regulate a players body temp when playing sport 4 marks

A

Work rate increases during exercise
So performers will get hot
So performers CV system will redistribute blood flow to remove excess heat
Allow them to maintain quality of performance

53
Q

Importance of short bones in wrists for a gymnast (2 marks )

A

Very strong so they allow the gymnast to place weight on hands during movement

54
Q

Example of ball and socket joint

A

Shoulder, hip

55
Q

What are hinge joints and example

A

Only allowed to move in one direction

Elbow, knee, ankle

56
Q

Condyloid joint example

A

Allows you to flex and extend joint from side to side
Example - Wrist

57
Q

Pivot joint example

A

Atlas and axis

58
Q

Long term training effect on cardiovascular system for long distance runner

A

Increased resting stroke volume so more blood leaving heart so work aerobically for longer

59
Q

What type of bone is most suited for weight bearing activities

A

Short

60
Q

What bone is part of the verbebral column

A

Cervical

61
Q

What blood vessel takes blood away from heart

A

Aorta

62
Q

What blood vessel takes blood to heart

A

Pulmonary vein

63
Q

What vessel takes blood to lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

64
Q

Where does gas exchange take place

A

Alveoli

65
Q

Role of bicep

A

Flexes the arm at elbow

66
Q

Role of hamstring

A

Flexes leg at knee

67
Q

Role of gastrocnemius

A

Plantar flexion at ankle

68
Q

Function of cardiovascular system

A

Transport oxygen so can work aerobically, remove co2 produced during exercise otherwise it will accumulate and you will fatigue

69
Q

Name 3 parts of the lever system

A

Pivot, load, effort

70
Q

Function of hamstring

A

Flexion of leg at knee

71
Q

What is the level of oxygen before gas exchange and after

A

High - Low

72
Q

Does the antagonist contract or relax

A

Relaxes

73
Q

Does the agonist contract or relax

A

Contract

74
Q

Why do muscles work in pairs

A

Muscles can only pull

75
Q

Antagonist or agonist? Which one produces the movement

A

Agonist

76
Q

When a muscle lengthens and is not under tension it is said to be doing what

A

Relaxing

77
Q

Example of antagonistic pairs

A

Bicep and tricep, quadricep and hamstring, hip flexor and gluteals, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior

78
Q

Function of long bone

A

Muscle attachment, leverage

79
Q

Function of short bones

A

Weight bearing

80
Q

Function of irregular bones

A

Protect / muscle attachment

81
Q

Function of flat bones

A

Provide protection for vital organs

Pe (7 decks)

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