Unit 4 Spain + Portugal

Question 1

Context

Answer 1

-Europe recovering from black plague
-Gunpowder Empires: Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals
-Improved agriculture lead to population increase
-Spread of ideas from China, India, Dar al-Islam

Question 2

Transportation and commercial technology

Answer 2

-magnetic compass
-astrolabe
-caravels
-carrack
-lateen sail
-cartography

Question 3

Caravels

Answer 3

small, fast ships that used the lateen sail

Question 4

Carrack

Answer 4

Long distance travel; used by Portuguese

Question 5

Lateen sail

Answer 5

A triangular sail that allowed ships to travel in different directions against the wind

Question 6

Primogeniture laws

Answer 6

These laws gave land to the eldest son, leaving younger sons without land or wealth, which motivated them to seek opportunities abroad.

Question 7

Nation

Answer 7

People that share a similar culture, language, traditions, history, etc.

Question 8

State

Answer 8

An independent political entry with clear geographic boundaries

Question 9

Nation-State

Answer 9

A state whose population is mainly one nation

Question 10

What year did Prince Henry sponsor exploration?

Answer 10

1400

Question 11

What year did the Portuguese reach Cape Verde?

Answer 11

1446

Question 12

What year did Dias round the Cape of Good Hope?

Answer 12

1488

Question 13

What year did Columbus discover America?

Answer 13

1492

Question 14

Portugal age of exploration

Answer 14

-Portugal starts under the guide of Prince Henry “the Navigator” of Portugal
-Seized the Moroccan city of Ceuta and uninhabited islands
-Cultivated sugarcane

Question 15

Vasco de Gama

Answer 15

-Portugal explorer
-Established trading ports
-Arrived at Calicut, India
-Mistook Hinduism as a weird branch of Christianity

Question 16

Christopher Columbus

Answer 16

-Italian mariner
-Rejected by King of Portugal
-Sponsored by King Ferdinnad and Queen Isabella of Spain (1491)
-First lands at San Salvador (Watling Island) in the Bahamas in 1492.
-Brings back spices/chocolate on second trip

Question 17

3 G’s

Answer 17

-God
-Gold
-Glory

Question 18

Treaty or Tordesillas

Answer 18

-1494
-Decided by the Pope
-Divided the world between Spain and Portugal
-Stated that any land without a Christian King would not be colonized

Question 19

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 19

-From Portugal
-Wanted to find a new way to get to Asia
-Set off with five ships
-Ended up with one ship, the Victoria
-Killed in a battle with the local Filipinos
-First group of people to circumnavigate the globe

Question 20

Enrique of Malacca

Answer 20

-Famous slave from Malacca
-Was a translator
-Helped the local Filipinos to betray Magellan
-Had contact with local rulers and chiefs

Question 21

Spanish crew of Magellan

Answer 21

-Had many disagreements
-Spanish did not like Magellan’s leadership
-Spanish were divided after Magellan’s death
-Remaining people continued sailing although others wanted to go back to Spain