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Conditions 1 > Unit 4 - Soft Tissue Injuries > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Soft Tissue Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

5 common types of repetitive strain injuries

A

(1) bicipital tendonitis = bicep
(2) tennis elbow = outside of the elbow
(3) golfer’s elbow = inside of the elbow
(4) DeQuervain’s tendosynovitis = thumb
(5) Trochanteric bursitis = outer hip

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2
Q

What are NSAIDs

A

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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3
Q

Why is exercise important for ppl w/ repetitive stress injury?

A

Strengthen their joints

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of strains and how long does each take to heal?

A

Grade 1 - damage to individual muscle fibre - 2-3 weeks rest

Grade 2 - more fibres involved but no complete rupture - 3-6 weeks rest

Grade 3 - complete rupture of a muscle, usually requires surgery - rehab 3-6 months

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5
Q

Describe the process of how muscle heals.

A

(1) Regeneration of muscle fibres (aka muscle fibres grow)
(2) Formation of scar tissue (bleed stops, matrix forms, matrix froms scar w/in muscle, scar made up of collagen fibres)
(3) Scar tissue matures (collagen fibres align along external stress)

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6
Q

What are the three types of sprains called and how does the pathophysiology differ?

A

1st Degree - microscopic tearing of ligament
2nd Degree - some torn
3rd Degree - near-complete/complete tear

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7
Q

3 stages of healing of a sprain

A

Acute stage (Inflammatory Stage) 1-10 days

  • clot formation
  • Phagocytosis

Subacute stage (Repair or Healing) 3-20 days

  • removal of dead tissue
  • growth of capillaries
  • collagen formation

Chronic Stage (Maturation + Remodelling) 6 months-1yr

  • maturation of connective tissue
  • remodelling of scar tissue
  • collagen aligns to stress
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8
Q

3 stages of management of a sprain

A 
Protection Phrase (Inflammatory stage) 1-10 days 
- RICE

Controlled Motion Phase (Repair phase) 3-20 days

  • active mov’t
  • controlled resistive muscle mov’t (gentle strenghtening)

Return to function (Maturation+Remodelling) 6months-1yr
- stretching, strengthening, endurance and functional exercises

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9
Q

Define RSI

A

Repetitive Stress Injury = group of conditions that are caused when too much stress is placed over the joint; stress is caused through repetitive action

(e.g. tendinitis, bursitis)

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10
Q

Function of Bursae

A

assists mov’t and reduces friction btw moving parts

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11
Q

RICE

A

Rest
Ice/Immobilization
Compression
Elevation

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12
Q

T/F

The medial collateral ligaments of the ankle are most commonly injured

A

FALSE

should be lateral

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13
Q

T/F

The most common mechanism for an ankle sprain is inversion

A

TRUE

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14
Q

T/F

Most people should be NWB during an acute ankle sprain.

A

FALSE

should be PWB

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15
Q

What is the most common ligament to be involved in a 3rd degree ankle sprain?

A

Anterior talofibular

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16
Q

T/F

Lateral epicondylitis is an inflammation of the ligaments around the elbow.

A

FALSE

tendons have micro tears

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17
Q

T/F

Lateral epicondylitis is due to overuse of the flexor muscles of the forearm as seen in golf.

A

FALSE

extensors muscles in tennis

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18
Q

T/F

Lateral epicondylitis is due to overuse of the extensor muscles of the forearm

A

TRUE

19
Q

What are the different types of strengthening exercises that are important part of prescription/treatment for lateral epicondylitis?

A

Isometric
Essentric
Concentric

20
Q

What kind of joint is the ankle?

A

Hinge joint

21
Q

Bones in ankle

A

tibia, fibula, and talus

22
Q

Ankle ligaments

A

Laterally:
Anterior talo-fibular
Posterior talo-fibular
Calcaneo-fibular

Medially:
Deltoid ligament (attaches to talus, calcaneous, and navicular)
23
Q

Why are inversion ankle sprains more common?

A

b/c the Deltoid tendon is big and strong

24
Q

When should you go seek medical attention for ankle sprains?

A

if ankle fails to improve w/in 5-7 days

25
Q

Management of ankle in acute, subacute, and return to function phase.

A

Acute: RICE, immobilize in neural or slight dorsiflexion and eversion, PWB, toe curls to assist w/ circulation

Subacute: splint/tensor during PWB, AROM exercises in NWB, stretch calves, strengthening w/in restricted ROM

Return to function: Strengthening w/ resisted ex., balance FWB, sports wear splints/tensor

26
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow. pain in wrist extension

27
Q

Bones in elbow joint

A

Humerus, ulna, and radius

28
Q

Management of elbow joint in acute, subacute, and return to function phase.

A

Acute: Crotherapy, NSAIDs, immobilize wrist, splint

Subacute: passive stretching and self-stretching, strengthen forearm and wrist muscles

Return to function: strength, endurance, power, and flexibility exercises of upper extremity. Education

29
Q

Isometric

A

No change in muscle length and joint angle during contraction

30
Q

Isotonic

A

Concentric: muscle length shortens during contraction

Essentric: muscle length lengthens during contraction

31
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles (4)

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

32
Q

What is rotator cuff impingement

A

mechanical compression and irritation of soft tissue

33
Q

T/F

Rotator cuff impingement is caused by infection after surgical repair of a fracture

A

Flase

34
Q

What happens in Stage 3 of rotator cuff impingement?

A

Bone spurs and rotator cuff tear

35
Q

T/F

Rotator cuff impingement leads to pain when working at the computer

A

TRUE

36
Q

What muscles need to be strengthening during the “Controlled motion phase” of healing?

A

Scapular stabilizing muscle and rotator cuff muscles

37
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

Frozen Shoulder = idiopathic, progressive shoulder pain

intracapsule and extracapsule

bones: hummerus, glenoid fossa of scapula

38
Q

What is the connective tissue involved in adhesive capsulitis?

A

joint capsule

39
Q

How long does the 3 stages of adhesive capsulitis last?

A

up to 2 years

40
Q

T/F

Adhesive capsulitis leads to pain when working at the computer

A

FALSE

41
Q

Name the exercise that is common during the acute stages of both rotator cuff impingement and adhesive capsulitis.

A

Pendulum exercises b/c gravity will relax the muscle

42
Q

Stages of Frozen Shoulder

A

Freezing (2-10 months)
Frozen (4-12 months)
Thawing (2-24 months)

43
Q

Stages of Rotator cuff Disease

A

Stage 1 = edema + hemorrhage 40yrs old

Conditions 1 (8 decks)

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