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Conditions 1 > Knew > Flashcards

Knew Flashcards

1
Q

Knee ligaments and cartilage

A

ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL

Medial meniscus, lateral meniscus

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2
Q

Anterior lateral knee muscles

A

Quads, sartorious, gracillis, tensor fascia lata (IT band)

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3
Q

Posterior knee muscles

A

Hamstrings, gastrocnemius

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4
Q

Knee joint compartments

A

Medial compartment, lateral compartment, patellofemoral compartment

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5
Q

What is a total knee arthroplasty

A

All 3 compartments are replaced

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6
Q

What is partial or unicompartmental arthroplasty

A

Only 1 compartment replaced, usually the medial.

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7
Q

What is Patellofemoral arthroplasty

A

Only the patella is replaced

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8
Q

What is revision arthroplasty

A

Old hardware removed and replaced with a new prosthesis. May involve a bone graft

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9
Q

Indications for surgery

A 
Severe knee pain that limits function. 
Night pain 
Unstable knees 
Severe deformity 
Decreased ROM 
Unstable fractures
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10
Q

Causes of knee pain

A

Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Post traumatic arthritis
Failed TKR

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11
Q

Knee arthroplasty components

A

Femoral, tibial, patella

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12
Q

Surgical procedures: fixation

A

Cemented: acrylic cement
Uncememted: bone in growth
Hybrid: cemented tibial component, cementless femoral component

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13
Q

Surgical procedure: bone cuts

A

Collateral ligaments are sparred. Patella surface may also be prepared

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14
Q

Knee bones

A

Patella, femur, tibia, fibula

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15
Q

complications of surgery

A 
infection 
blood clots (DVT) 
excessive bleeding 
delayed wound healing 
laxity 
contractures 
prosthetic loosening
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16
Q

max protection phase - rehab

A

weeks 1-4

goal: reach 0-90 degrees flexion

17
Q

inpatients- max protection phase

A

goals: decrease pain and swelling. independent mobility
cryotherapy (icing)
mobilise patient- in/ out of bed, sit to stand, walking with a walker, stairs
exercise

18
Q

weight bearing post op

A

always decided by surgeon
cemented- WBAT immediately
cementless- veries from NWB to PWB for at least 6-8 weeks

19
Q

max protection inpatient exercises

A

static quads, inner range quads, quads over roll, knee flexion

20
Q

max protection phase outpatients

A

goal: reach 0-90 degrees of knee flexion

exercises

21
Q

moderate to min phase

A

weeks 4-8+
goal- reach 0-120 degrees knee flexion
move to full weight bearing
exercises- patella mobilization closed kinetic chain strengthening, proprioceptive training, aerobic training, ROM exercises and stretching

22
Q

ACL

A

front of tibia to back of the femur

prevents femur sliding backward

23
Q

PCL

A

front of the femur to the back of the tibia

prevents femur sliding forward

24
Q

how does ACL injury happen ?

A

direct blow
twisting knee when foot is planted
land incorrectly- hyper extends + twists knee

25
Q

torn ACL symptoms

A 
pop sound
knee gives out 
significant pain 
significant swelling 
decrease ROM, unable to reach full extension
26
Q

surgical repair for ACL

A

autograft- comes from the patient, most common is a bone- patellar tendon-bone graft
allograft- graft material comes from another person

27
Q

ACL surgical procedure: arthroscopic surgery

A

femoral and tibial bone tunnels are drilled, graft is passed into these tunnels, bone to bone healing begins.

28
Q

ACL max protection phase- rehab

A

up to week 6
graft is weak and excessive forces must be avoided
control swelling- ice
ambulate with assistive device
protect joint with range-limiting hinge brace
regain patellar mobility
increase knee flexion and extension ROM as tolerated- week 2 up to 90 degrees flexion. week 3-4 up to 125 degrees flexion

29
Q

ACL weight bearing post- op

A

for 2 weeks weight bearing restricted to WBAT with two crutches

30
Q

ACL ROM restrictions and protection

A

typically locked in full extension for 1-2 weeks
unlocked will allow 90 degrees of flexion
after 3 weeks up to 125 degrees
braces may be worn up to 3 months
common brace is G2

31
Q

ACL mod to min protection phase - rehab

A 
weeks 5-13 post op 
focus on increasing function 
use of closed kinetic chain exercises and proprioception
achieve full ROM: flexion and extension 
achieve FWB
32
Q

ACL min protection phase- rehab

A

week 12 onwards, up to 6 months or a year

increase intensity of activity - depending on functional goal of client- increase strenght, endurance, power.

Conditions 1 (8 decks)

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