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PSYC 350 - Midterm 1 > Unit 4 - Sex Hormones, Differentiation, & Menstruation > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Sex Hormones, Differentiation, & Menstruation Flashcards

1
Q

what is pompoir?

A

Sexual technique where you can use vaginal muscles to stimulate a penis using pelvic floor muscles

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2
Q

Is tubal ligation reversible?

A
  • Cutting of fallopian tubes
  • Possible to reverse BUT most cannot be reversed
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3
Q

What is a sex phobia? How does it develop?

A

Erotiphobia (Fear of sexual touch, intercourse, sex scenes or nudity in movies) sometimes response to abuse, other times– not

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4
Q

How do you treat it? (erotiphobia?)

A

CBT (consistent for anything involving anxieties and phobias)
- Cognitive: exploring beliefs and thinking patterns regarding sexuality
- Behaviour: exposure therapy, create hierarchy of challenges for individual to move through

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5
Q

hormones produced by the hypothalamus? (controls pituitary)

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone (Gn-RH) (the four Fs)

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6
Q

hormones produced by the pituitary?

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) + luteinizing hormone (LH)

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7
Q

hormones produced by the gonads?

A

steroids (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone)

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8
Q

hormones produced by the adrenal glands?

A

estrogen & testosterone

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9
Q

FSH? (pituitary)

A

F: maturation of ovarian follicles

M: growth of sperm cells

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10
Q

LH (pituitary)

A

F: ovulation, development of corpus luteum

M: production of testosterone

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11
Q

Testosterone

A
  • Development and maintenance of masculine physical characteristics
  • Maintaining genitals and ability to
    produce sperm
  • Growth of bone and muscle
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12
Q

what decreases testosterone?

A

stress! (cortisol)

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13
Q

andropause?

A

reduction in testosterone because of age

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14
Q

estrogen (4)

A
  • female physical characteristics (80085)
  • stopping bone growth and muscle (stop after period)
  • regulation of menstrual cycle
  • maintenance of mucous membranes of vagina
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15
Q

progesterone (2)

A
  • Regulation of menstrual cycle
  • Development of uterine lining (endometrium)
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16
Q

inhibin

A

regulates FSH (negative feedback loop maintenance)

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17
Q

what hormones do ovaries produce?

A

estrogen, inhibin, progesterone

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18
Q

pituitary gland hormones?

A

prolactin, oxytocin

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19
Q

prolactin

A
  • Milk production, progesterone production
  • Also in men (unsure why)
    • Too much causes sexual dysfunctions (erectile problems)
20
Q

oxytocin

A

“tend and befriend”
- Promotes affectionate bonding
- Milk secretion, contractions of uterus during childbirth

21
Q

menarche

A

first menstruation

22
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation (Pregnancy, anorexia)

23
Q

4 phases of menstrual cycle

A
  1. Proliferative or Follicular Phase
    • Variable in length
  2. Ovulatory
    • Ovulation occurs (release of mature egg)
  3. Secretory or Luteal
    • 14 days
  4. Menstrual
    • Menstruation occurs, endometrium is shed
24
Q

hormones in the combination pill

A

estrogen and progestin (synthetic progesterone)
- 21 days hormones
- 7 days sugar
- prevent ovulation

25
Q

what do high levels of progestin inhibit?

A

LH !!!

26
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Pain or discomfort during menstruation (cramps)

27
Q

What causes cramps in menstruation?

A

uterine contractions from prostaglandins

28
Q

Mastalgia

A

breast pain caused by fluid retention

29
Q

(PMS)

A

Premenstrual Syndrome
- Physiological and psychological symptoms present 4-6 days before period begins
- Depression, pain, water retention

30
Q

PMDD

A

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

31
Q

role of culture in PMDD

A
  • Exposure to American culture increases prevalence
  • Black women = less likely to experience symptoms
  • VERY LOW in Japanese women (~1%)
32
Q

What duct turns into male?

A

wolffian duct

33
Q

What duct turns into female?

A

Müllerian duct

34
Q

Themes in parental announcements of boys? (2005)

A

pride (boy = status symbol)

35
Q

Themes in parental announcements of girls? (2005)

A

happiness, related to more attachment motivation/nurturing/emotional connection

36
Q

How are baby girls treated in china?

A

less desirable
- selective abortion and infanticide (babies in dumpsters)

37
Q

baby girls in INDIA?

A
  • Preference for sons
  • Selective abortion (no longer allowed to test for sex of child)
  • More girls than boys die as infants
    • Purposeful or differential treatment
38
Q

how is the hypothalamus different in Females?

A

more estrogen receptors

39
Q

in what gender is the amygdala said to be larger?

A

Male

40
Q

CAH?

A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
- XX
- identify as woman
- internal female genitals (normal ovaries)
- external male genitals

41
Q

AIS

A

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
- XY
- body does not respond to androgens
- External genitals look female, no penis
- Usually not discovered until puberty when don’t have a period

42
Q

ISNA

A

Intersex Society of North America

Goal: “End shame, secrecy, and unwanted genital surgeries for people born with atypical sex anatomy”

Emphasis: Variability not abnormality

Surgery: “ONLY if and when the intersex person requests it”

43
Q

most important period of differentiation?

A

prenatal

44
Q

second most important period of differentiation?

A

puberty!

45
Q

what signals the pituitary to release hormones and start puberty?

A

KISS1 gene! signals release of kisspeptin

PSYC 350 - Midterm 1 (8 decks)

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