Unit 4 SAC2 Flashcards
Change
is any alteration in the internal or external environments.
Organisational change
is the adoption of a new idea or behaviour by an organisation
To be proactive
is to initiate change rather than simply to react to events.
To be reactive
is to wait for a change to occur and then respond to it.
Customer focus
refers to an organisational goal to concentrate on satisfying customers’ needs at all levels of the organisation.
Recession
A contraction in the level of economic activity resulting in reduced spending, rising unemployment and a slow rate of economic growth.
Emissions trading scheme
Regulates the buying and selling of permits to emit greenhouse gases. A permit allows emissions up to a prescribed cap or limit. Large emitters either choose to buy extra permits or invest in technologies that control emissions. If limits are exceeded, penalties are imposed.
Force-field analysis
Outlines the process of determining which forces drive and which resist a proposed change.
Driving forces
are those forces that support the change.
Restraining forces
are those forces that work against the change.
Organisational inertia
refers to an unenthusiastic response from management and employees to proposed change.
The change management process
is the sequence of steps that a manager would follow for the successful implementation and adoption of change.
Facilitator
Someone who helps people achieve an objective by providing unobtrusive assistance.
Change agent
A person or group of people who act as catalysts, assuming responsibility for managing the change process.
Manipulation
is the skilful or devious exertion of influence over someone to get them to do what you want.
Cooptation
involves the selection of an influential person among the potential resistors to be involved in the development and implementation of the change process.
Corporate social responsibility
involves managing organisational processes in order to produce an overall positive impact on the community
Triple bottom line
refers to the social, economic and environmental performance of an organisation.
Ecological sustainability
occurs when economic growth meets the needs of the present population without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
A sustainability report
is a comprehensive report of what a business has done, and is doing, with regard to social issues that affect it.
Business ethics
refers to the application of moral standards to organisational behaviour.
A corporate code of conduct
is a set of ethical standards for managers and employees to abide by.
The global economy
is the world economy and refers to the economic activity going on in the world. It includes the flow of all trade, finance, technology, labour and investment. Consequently, it is the total economic activity within and between countries.
A global manager
pursues organisational objectives in international settings and, therefore, is required to conduct business in numerous countries with different cultures.
A merger
is a combination of two companies to form a new company.
An acquisition
is the purchase of one company by another with no new company being formed.
While there is no one precise definition, leadership…
is the process of positively influencing and encouraging individuals to set and achieve objectives.
Transformational change
often results in a complete restructure throughout the whole organisation.
Incremental change
results in minor changes, usually involving only a few employees.
Structural change
refers to changes in the organisation’s structure — that is, the organisation chart.
Outsourcing
is the contracting of some organisational operations to outside suppliers.
Teamwork
involves people who interact regularly and coordinate their work towards a common goal.
Flexible manufacturing
is production by computer controlled machines that can adapt to various versions of the same operation.
