Unit 4: Rome Flashcards
Which mountains protect Rome in the North?
The Alps
Which sea surrounds the Italian Peninsula?
The Mediterranean
How was Roman society arranged?
Patricians- Wealthy individuals whose families were eligible to hold public offices
Plebeians- Poorer individuals who could not hold office
Slaves- Individuals who were captured as prisoners of war, born to enslaved parents, or who failed to repay their loans and debts
What was Roman mythology based on?
Greek mythology
Who was the king of the gods according to Roman mythology?
Jupiter
Roman goddess of family and marriage- like Hera
Juno
Roman goddess of wisdom
Minerva
Roman god of the sun and music
Apollo
Roman goddess of the moon and hunt
Diana
Roman goddess of love and beauty
Venus
Who in Roman society was considered a citizen?
Patrician and plebeian men and selected foreigners
What were Roman contributions to architecture?
Pantheon, Colosseum, Forum
What were Roman technological achievements?
Roads, aqueducts, Roman arches
Who was Ptolemy?
Roman citizen that made achievements in math, astronomy, natural philosophy, geography and astrology
What language did Roman citizens speak?
Latin
Which modern languages did Latin influence?
Romance languages- Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Romanian
What were important parts of the Roman Republic?
The Assemblies, The Senate, Consuls
Who was Virgil?
Roman poet who wrote the Aeneid
Who fought in the Punic Wars?
Rome vs. Carthage
Which Carthaginian general invaded the Italian Peninsula but failed to take Rome?
Hannibal
What was the result of the Punic Wars?
Three wars resulted in Roman victory, the destruction of Carthage, and expanded trade and wealth for Rome
What was the cause of the end of the Roman Republic?
Spread of slavery in the agricultural system
Migration of small farmers into cities; unemployment
Civil war over the power of Julius Caesar
Devaluation of Roman currency; inflation
First Triumvirate
Julius Caesar: Seizure of power, assassination
Who was the first emperor of Roman?
August Caesar
What was the Pax Romana?
Two centuries of peace and prosperity under imperial rule that saw the expansion and solidification of the Roman Empire, particularly in the Near East
What was the economic impact of the Pax Romana?
Established uniform system of money, which helped to expand trade
Guaranteed safe travel and trade on Roman roads
Promoted prosperity and stability
What was the social impact of the Pax Romana?
Returned stability to social classes
Increased emphasis on the family
What was the political impact of the Pax Romana?
Created a civil service
Developed a uniform rule of law
What were the causes for the decline of the Roman Empire?
Geographic size: Difficulty of defense and administration
Economy: The cost of defense and devaluation of Roman currency
Military: Increasing reliance on foreigners to serve in and to lead the Roman army
Declining Roman populations as a result of epidemic diseases
Political problems: Civil conflict and weak administration
Invasion: Germanic migrations and settlement
How was the Roman empire split?
East- capital in Constantinople
West- capital in Rome
When did Western Rome fall?
476 A.D.
