Unit 4: Rome

Question 1

Which mountains protect Rome in the North?

Answer 1

The Alps

Question 2

Which sea surrounds the Italian Peninsula?

Answer 2

The Mediterranean

Question 3

How was Roman society arranged?

Answer 3

Patricians- Wealthy individuals whose families were eligible to hold public offices
Plebeians- Poorer individuals who could not hold office
Slaves- Individuals who were captured as prisoners of war, born to enslaved parents, or who failed to repay their loans and debts

Question 4

What was Roman mythology based on?

Answer 4

Greek mythology

Question 5

Who was the king of the gods according to Roman mythology?

Answer 5

Jupiter

Question 6

Roman goddess of family and marriage- like Hera

Answer 6

Juno

Question 7

Roman goddess of wisdom

Answer 7

Minerva

Question 8

Roman god of the sun and music

Answer 8

Apollo

Question 9

Roman goddess of the moon and hunt

Answer 9

Diana

Question 10

Roman goddess of love and beauty

Answer 10

Venus

Question 11

Who in Roman society was considered a citizen?

Answer 11

Patrician and plebeian men and selected foreigners

Question 12

What were Roman contributions to architecture?

Answer 12

Pantheon, Colosseum, Forum

Question 13

What were Roman technological achievements?

Answer 13

Roads, aqueducts, Roman arches

Question 14

Who was Ptolemy?

Answer 14

Roman citizen that made achievements in math, astronomy, natural philosophy, geography and astrology

Question 15

What language did Roman citizens speak?

Answer 15

Latin

Question 16

Which modern languages did Latin influence?

Answer 16

Romance languages- Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Romanian

Question 17

What were important parts of the Roman Republic?

Answer 17

The Assemblies, The Senate, Consuls

Question 18

Who was Virgil?

Answer 18

Roman poet who wrote the Aeneid

Question 19

Who fought in the Punic Wars?

Answer 19

Rome vs. Carthage

Question 20

Which Carthaginian general invaded the Italian Peninsula but failed to take Rome?

Answer 20

Hannibal

Question 21

What was the result of the Punic Wars?

Answer 21

Three wars resulted in Roman victory, the destruction of Carthage, and expanded trade and wealth for Rome

Question 22

What was the cause of the end of the Roman Republic?

Answer 22

Spread of slavery in the agricultural system
Migration of small farmers into cities; unemployment
Civil war over the power of Julius Caesar
Devaluation of Roman currency; inflation
First Triumvirate
Julius Caesar: Seizure of power, assassination

Question 23

Who was the first emperor of Roman?

Answer 23

August Caesar

Question 24

What was the Pax Romana?

Answer 24

Two centuries of peace and prosperity under imperial rule that saw the expansion and solidification of the Roman Empire, particularly in the Near East

Question 25

What was the economic impact of the Pax Romana?

Answer 25

 Established uniform system of money, which helped to expand trade
 Guaranteed safe travel and trade on Roman roads
 Promoted prosperity and stability

Question 26

What was the social impact of the Pax Romana?

Answer 26

 Returned stability to social classes

 Increased emphasis on the family

Question 27

What was the political impact of the Pax Romana?

Answer 27

 Created a civil service

 Developed a uniform rule of law

Question 28

What were the causes for the decline of the Roman Empire?

Answer 28

 Geographic size: Difficulty of defense and administration
 Economy: The cost of defense and devaluation of Roman currency
 Military: Increasing reliance on foreigners to serve in and to lead the Roman army
 Declining Roman populations as a result of epidemic diseases
 Political problems: Civil conflict and weak administration
 Invasion: Germanic migrations and settlement

Question 29

How was the Roman empire split?

Answer 29

East- capital in Constantinople

West- capital in Rome

Question 30

When did Western Rome fall?

Answer 30

476 A.D.